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One million people will be permitted to participate in the annual Islamic Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city Mecca in Saudi Arabia (7-12 July). This is the first Hajj season since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019-2020 in which foreign nationals residing outside of the kingdom will be permitted to participate in. All pilgrims must present proof of vaccination status and a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test result taken no more than 72 hours prior to departure for the kingdom.

Dr Olivier Barles, Regional Medical Director at International SOS in Dubai says “Even if the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be under control, from end-May to early June a certain re-occurrence of new cases has been noticed in many countries worldwide, including in Saudi Arabia. Hence, even for those that have been fully vaccinated, pilgrims should continue to adhere to personal precautionary measures in order to best protect themselves from the potential threat all the COVID-19 variants. They are still advised to keep safe distance between each other, to wear face masks and maintain a high degree of personal hygiene by washing hands frequently.

It is also important to follow the regulations outlined by the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia and to pay attention to other known diseases prevalent in the region, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that can be managed with practical attention to hygiene. Wellness measures to cope with environmental issues, such as the extreme heat should also be implemented. Always choose clean, well-cooked food and safe beverages, including bottled water and pasteurised milk. Also, take measures to stay hydrated and cool to avoid heat-related illnesses.”

According to Sally Llewellyn, Regional Security Director at International SOS in Dubai,  “Pilgrims undertaking Hajj should closely follow government directives and ensure they have obtained the correct approvals prior to departure. Utilise the services of a government-approved and trusted pilgrimage organiser that has the appropriate vehicles in place. Visitors to Saudi Arabia who are not participating in Hajj should be mindful of heightened cultural sensitivities and abide by all movement restrictions, including restricted access to select airports.”

Top advice for Hajj during COVID-19:

1. Wear a face mask at all times and maintain a distance of at least two metres between yourself and others.

2. It is important to follow good hygiene measures including regularly washing your hands and immediately disposing of used masks and gloves safely.

3. Ensure you comply fully with all government requirements.

4. Ensure any health issues are stabilised. If you need any medication, pack enough for the trip, with some extra in case of delays.

5. Save emergency contacts on your mobile phone and make sure it is charged (police, ambulance, embassy and local contacts).

6. Monitor the situation and remain abreast of the latest news and recommendations.

7. Exercise heightened caution with regards to religious and cultural sensitivities, especially on social media platforms and respect all local legal, religious and cultural conventions at all times.

8. Expect tighter security at transport hubs as well as increased traffic and congestion.

9. If conducting the pilgrimage, comply with your Hajj operator’s instructions. There are set times for different operators organised by Saudi Arabian authorities to minimise the potential for overcrowding. While completing your pilgrimage, be mindful of your belongings when moving throughout the crowds.

10. Stay well hydrated to avoid heatstroke. Select safer food and beverages – use bottled water. Wash fruits and vegetables well. Ensure any meat is thoroughly cooked and avoid non-pasteurised dairy items.

11. Pay attention to people who may look sick; again, keep your distance wash your hands frequently and avoid touching your face.

12. Avoid direct contact with animals, including camels. A potentially severe illness caused by another Coronavirus, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), can be present in camels and their products.

Also Read: Health issues after recovery from Covid 

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Ramadan will see Muslims around the world observing daytime fasting for a period of 30 days, abstaining from meals and drinks, while spending large portions of their time in prayers. The fast begins with a light meal known as ‘Suhour’, consumed at dawn before Imsak time, and ends at sunset, when they break the fast with an evening meal of Iftar. Daylight hours during Ramadan this year will average around 16 hours in London, 14 hours in Dubai and 12 hours in Kuala Lumpur.

The end of Ramadan will be marked with a celebration of Eid al-Fitr,   when Muslims typically attend their local mosque for Eid prayer and host great feasts with their family and friends throughout the day. However, as the pandemic situation continues to evolve, different restrictions are still in place for communal worships and public gatherings in most regions globally are still prohibited.

Guidelines on physical distancing, mask-wearing, and hand hygiene still apply this year. Even though vaccination rates against COVID-19 have reached good levels in many places, the pandemic is still not over yet. Therefore, when it is safe for healthy people to fast during Ramadan, those guidelines are important to follow to help prevent infection. As such, believers can still live their Ramadan to its fullest, while being cautious in regard to the COVID-19 risk, even though the current and dominant “Omicron” variant appears to be less severe than previous variants.

While there have been concerns raised over whether receiving the COVID-19 vaccine would break the fast, the majority of Islamic scholarly bodies have confirmed that “Receiving the COVID-19 vaccination as an intramuscular injection, the only route for the vaccines currently available, does not invalidate the fast” and some regions are planning to facilitate night-time jabs during Ramadan.

Top tips for a Healthy Ramadan

1. Do not skimp on rest and/or sleep

2. Stagger your hydration

3. Eat healthy and nutritious meals

4. Do more in the morning

5. Don’t stop exercising

In addition, individuals suffering from chronic illnesses should consult their doctors on how to manage regular medication and to ensure it is safe for them to fast. Like last year, International SOS still urges people to avoid gatherings and practice social distancing of at least 1- 2 meters (3- 6 feet). People that are COVID-19 positive but that are asymptomatic and fit should isolate at home. They may still be able to fast in Ramadan, but should seek their doctor’s advice.

In any case, it is always and particularly important to identify persons at risk of severe form of COVID-19, such as the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions (e.g. cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease or cancer), to respect the social distancing and respect hand and general hygiene measures. However, people who are affected by COVID-19 may wish to consider the religious license to break their fast in consultation with their doctor.”

International SOS’ top five tips for employees observing the fast this Ramadan :

1. Do not skimp on rest and/or sleep– Ramadan is a time of increased prayer. Though it may be tempting to stay up late for Suhour and only sleep after Imsak, you should still aim to get at least 8 hours of sleep during every 24-hour period, even if this is accumulated over several separate periods of rest. A well-rested body and mind will make it easier for you to concentrate at work and have more energy throughout the day.

2. Stagger your hydration– Thirst can be one of the most challenging symptoms of fasting, leading us to drink plenty of water and liquids very fast as soon as we break our fast and then just before Imsak. However, rehydration should be a cumulative process. The best way to rehydrate fasting bodies and maintain this hydration for longer is to pace your liquid intake by consuming at least 2 litres of water – one or two glasses at a time – between Iftar and Imsak. It also helps to cut down on caffeinated drinks at night, and to top up your liquid intake with soups, fruits and vegetables rich in water, such as cucumbers and watermelon.

3. Eat healthy and nutritious meals– Fasting will cause a change of habit in eating and your food intake frequency. It is vital to fulfil your vitamin and mineral needs to maintain a strong immune system. Be mindful of your salt and sugar intake. After a full day of fasting, avoid satisfying cravings with soda and energy drinks which are high in sugar. Instead, opt for the unprocessed food such as fruits, and consume complex carbohydrates such as rice, bread and wholegrains alongside vegetables, which will keep you fuller for longer. As for salt intake, it is worth keeping in mind that having moderately savoury foods with water can help you retain some hydration for longer. However, consuming too much salt will have an adverse effect and contribute to thirst and dehydration during the day. Too much salt can affect blood pressure, so go easy on salty snacks such as popcorn and salted nuts at night.

4. Do more in the morning– Where possible, schedule more difficult tasks requiring greater concentration or physical effort in the morning, when you will have more energy. International SOS encourages businesses each year to schedule important meetings during the first half of the day, when fasting employees will have more energy and will be better able to retain new information.

5. Don’t stop exercising– Although you may feel more tired and understandably less active while fasting, skipping regular exercise for a full month is unhealthy, particularly as most of your food intake will be consumed at night. Moderate exercise is advisable and will also help you feel less sluggish. Just remember to wait a couple of hours after Iftar before doing an activity.

Be mindful of the following guidelines to have a safe Ramadan :

1. Follow the general hygiene measures strictly.

2. Wash your hands frequently, regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water.

3. Wash all the fruits and vegetables before consumption.

4. Maintain social distancing at least 2 meters (6 feet) and avoid gatherings with friends and relatives during Breaking Fast (Iftar), Suhoor times and stay at home.

5. Stay informed and follow the advice given by your healthcare provider and health authorities.

Dr Olivier Barles

Regional Medical Director at International SOS

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Holi, one of India’s most celebrated festivals, is finally here. The ‘Festival of Colours’ is celebrated on the occasion of the arrival of spring, the end of winter and the beginning of a good spring harvest season. This fun-filled festival is enjoyed by everyone where people smear and drench each other with colours. Water guns, water-filled balloons are also used to play. As with all activities that involve fun, there are a few practices that are not totally safe and healthy.

The use of chemicals in colours is still rampant during Holi and these irritate the top layer of the skin and can cause allergies and many skin intolerances. Since the COVID-19 pandemic is still on simmer mode, take extra care and exercise precautions. Celebrate Holi at home with family and close friends. For the cautious person and for people already suffering from eczemas, here are some pro tips to avoid damaging your skin.

Also Read: Coping with skin issues during Covid 

Pre-Holi Skincare Tips

Well prepared skin routine to minimise skin damage due to harsh colours. To prep the skin, one can use a thick hydrating cream and ensure that the skin is well-hydrated, this will help protect the skin from the chemicals and partially prevent the chemical from penetrating the skin. On the body apply a light oil like almond oil. It contains vitamin E and provides nourishment to the skin and acts as a protective layer between the skin and the colours.

And top it off with a waterproof sunscreen which will help prevent skin damage from heat, the sun and colours. Physical sunscreen containing zinc oxide is safe and effective. Stay Hydrated. As you are mostly outdoors and under the sun, keeping yourself hydrated is much needed. Avoid wearing too much makeup as the chemicals that are present in your cosmetics can react with the colours further causing a skin reaction.

Post Holi skincare

Various colours and use of water can damage our skin and leave it flaky and dry. Post Holi skin care is essential to nourish the skin, prevent damages and get back that natural glow. Gently massage the skin with light oil to take off the colour and wash off with a mild cleanser. A quick luke warm water bath to wash off the colour easily. Avoid scrubbing as it may dry out the skin and make it itchy and uneven.  Seal the skin with a hydrating moisturiser soon after bath.

Seek help from an expert in case the skin is reacting adversely

For patients of eczema who want to enjoy playing with colour, preferably do a patch test in the inner aspect of the forearm the previous day to rule out the possibility of an allergic contact dermatitis to the colour. Do this despite the packaging claiming to be organic/natural. People with sensitive skin are more prone to have adverse effects that can cause redness, irritation or breakouts. If someone is experiencing skin allergies, having irritation or some other skin infections, it is recommended to see a dermatologist rather than trying to treat it on your own at home. Basis your skin types, a skin expert will be able to analyze your skin condition and suggest an appropriate treatment to control the situation.

Dr. Shireen Furtado

Consultant- Medical & Cosmetic Dermatology

Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru

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Maha Shivaratri is a Hindu festival celebrated annually in honor of God Shiva. There is a Shivaratri in every luni-solar month of the Hindu calendar, on the month’s 13th night/14th day in the Krishna paksha (waning Moon). But once a year in late winter (February/March, or Magha masa) and before the arrival of summer, marks Maha Shivaratri which means “the Great Night of Shiva“. Out of the 12 Shivaratris in a year, Maha Shivaratri is considered to be the most auspicious one.

Most Hindu festivals are celebrated during the day; the Mahashivaratri is celebrated at night. The Mahashivaratri is celebrated with full sincerity, strict spiritual discipline and earnest feelings, chanting prayers, fasting, and being awake all night and meditating on good virtues like Self-restraint, honesty, forgiveness and discovery of Lord Shiva. The Mahashivaratri marks a remembrance of “overcoming darkness and ignorance”. Mahashivaratri celebrations includes:

1. Chanting “Om Namah Shivaya”   

2. Fasting – an all-night fasting

3. Offering fruits, Bhel leaves, sweet and milk

4. Jaagaran – an all-night vigil and prayer

What Puranas tell about Mahashivaratri?

Puranas contain many stories and legends describing the origin of this festival and the relation with Lord Shiva.

Samudra Manthan & Shiva drinks Haalaa-Hala:  

Samudra Manthan – Devathas and Asuras joined together to churn the Kshirasagara, the ocean of milk. Mount Mandara was used as churning rod and Vasuki, a Nagaraja as churning rope. Lord Vishnu supported the Mount Mandara on his back in the form of Tortoise (Kurma avatara). Devathas and Asuras joined together and placed the Mount Mandara on the back of Tortoise as churning spindle (rod) and Vasuki serpent as churning rope coiled around the mountain and started pulling back and forth of the serpent body and churning the Kshirasagara.

During churning, a pot of Haalaa-Hala (poison) emerged, the fumes of Haalaa-Hala started destroying the World, Devathas and Asuras. Devathas and Asuras could not bear the terrifying effect of Haalaa-Hala; they prayed Lord Shiva to protect them and whole World from Haalaa-Hala effect. Lord Shiva took the pot and drank the Haalaa-Hala, thus protected everyone. Goddess Parvati pressed the throat of Shiva firmly; Haalaa-Hala got stuck in throat, turning the throat to blue color.

Entire night Devathas and Asuras were anxious to know, what will happen to Lord Shiva.  Lord Shiva was able to retain the Haalaa-Hala in throat, from that day till today; hence Shiva is also called “Neelakanta” or “Vishakanta”. This dreadful night is today’s Mahashivaratri. Hence we pray Lord Shiva on this day for protecting entire World.

According to Shiva purana, Lord Brahma and Lord Vishnu started fighting with each other, to prove their superiority over other. When the fight became fierce and violent Lord Shiva appeared as huge column of fire between Lord Brahma and Lord Vishnu, awestruck by this column of fire, both decided to find one end each to prove their supremacy. Lord Vishnu took the Varaha avatar (Pig) and started digging the ground 100s of kilometer; yet he could not reach the bottom. Lord Vishnu accepted his inability to reach bottom. Lord Brahma took the form of Swan and started flying 100s of kilometer upwards, yet he also could not reach the top, but he saw Ketaki flower was slowly coming down from the top.

Lord Brahma asked the Ketaki flower “where are you coming from?” Ketaki replied, “I was offered on the top of this huge fire column, and could not bear the heat, hence I am coming down”. Lord Brahma was tired and thought to take ketaki as a witness, and told everyone that he had reached the top of the column of fire. But Lord Shiva revealed his true form and cursed Lord Brahma, “no one will ever worship you”. He also banned Ketaki flower for being used for offering during puja. It was on the 14th day of the month of Phalguna, Shiva first manifested himself in the form of a Linga. So this day is especially auspicious and is celebrated as Mahashivaratri. Worshipping Shiva on this day is believed to bestow one with happiness and prosperity.

Story of Lubdhaka:

According to one legend in the Shiva purana, Lubdhaka was poor tribal man and devotee of Lord Shiva. To collect firewood he went to forest, and he lost his way back to home. He started hearing roaring sounds of forest animals as the darkness increased. He was scared and climbed nearby tree for shelter and safety. He was afraid that he may doze and fall from tree and wild animals may kill him. He decided to stay awake till morning, hence he started Chanting “Om Namah Shivaya” and pluck one leaf from that tree and throw it down. Till morning he was chanting Om Namah Shivaya and every time, he was plucking one leaf from tree and throwing it down. Morning he climbed down of the tree, to see the tree was Bel tree; he has put 1000 Bel leaves on Shiva-Linga. Lord Shiva was pleased with Lubdhaka, for his whole night Jaagaran, chanting Om Namah Shivaya, and worshipping with Bel leaves. Shiva rewarded Lubdhaka with divine blessings. All devotees on Mahashivaratri hear this story and they also worship Shiva-Linga.

Another fascinating legend links Lord Shiva with the “Pralay“. Pralay, in Hindu mythology, means the day when “shrishti” (creation) and “Brahmaand” (the Cosmos) is destroyed by the fury of Nature. It is said that the whole world was facing destruction at one point and Goddess Parvati prayed to her husband Lord Shiva to save the “Jivas” (living souls), remaining in space, during the long period of pralaya. She also desired that the Lord bless them to be active again, if they worship him. Her prayer was granted. Parvati named the night of her wish-fulfillment as Maha-Sivaratri, or the great night of Shiva, and ordered mortals to observe this night as a time to worship Lord Shiva.

The legend of Chitrabhanu:

The king Chitrabhanu of Ikshvaku dynasty was observing fast and praying Lord Shiva along with his queen and entire kingdom. The renowned sage Ashtavakra and his pupils came on a visit to kingdom. He learns that entire kingdom, queen and king all are fasting and praying Lord Shiva. The sage Ashtavakra asked the king the reason for fasting and praying Lord Shiva. The king Chitrabhanu replied, “I have the gift of remembering the incidents of my past birth. In my past life I was hunter, catching birds and animals in forest and selling them in town. One day while catching birds, it became late night, and I started hearing roaring sounds of animals. For my safety I climbed nearby bel tree. To keep awake I started plucking bel leaves and started throwing on the Shiva-Linga, at the same time my water tumbler was leaking and water was falling directly on Shiva Linga. Morning I climbed down the tree and came to my house and sat for meals. Old man came to my doorsteps and asked for food. I gave all my food to him, the old man was pleased and showed his true form – Lord Shiva. He blessed me, for my rebirth as a ruler of this kingdom and also to remember the incidents of my past birth. Today I recall that old incident, now I want all my people to get blessings of Lord Shiva, by fasting, praying, and feeding all needy people on this holy day Maha Shivaratri”.

Maha Shivaratri is seen as the wedding anniversary of Lord Shiva’s marriage to the Goddess Parvati.

Medical benefits of Mahashivaratri celebrations:

Benefits of Chanting “Om Namah Shivaya”:

A disturbed mind has a tendency to think negative, whenever some untoward incidence happens. But regular Om Namah Shivaya chanting ensures positivity, even in dire circumstances. Reasoning ability improves and helps to take right and better decisions in difficult conditions. It also helps to distinguish between right and negative people and thus choose a positive group of friends. So there are immense health benefits of Om Namah Shivaya chanting. It is very much important to practice it perfectly under the guidance of an able teacher to get good results.

1. Helps to improve Concentration,

2. Reduces stress and Anxiety,

3. Gives strength to Spinal cord,

4. Rejuvenating and Pacifying,

5. Detoxifies body,

6. Improves functioning of Heart and Digestive system,

7. Ensures sound sleep,

8. Improves functioning of Reproductive system and development of womb and fetus,

9. Improves Reasoning ability and Reduces negativity.

Fasting – an all-night fasting:

1. Controls blood sugar by reducing insulin resistance.

2. Promotes better health by fighting inflammation. Some studies have found that fasting could decrease several markers of inflammation and may be useful in treating inflammatory conditions, such as joint pains, body aches, and headaches.

3. May enhance heart health by improving blood pressure, triglycerides and cholesterol levels.

4. May boost brain function and prevent neurodegenerative disorders. Studies show that fasting could improve brain function, increase nerve cell synthesis and protect against neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s, and memory loss.

5. It helps in weight loss by limiting calorie intake and boosting metabolism.

6. Studies show that fasting can increase human growth hormone (HGH), which is an important protein hormone that plays a role in growth, metabolism, and weight loss and muscle strength. It could delay aging and extend longevity. Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach (Hunger hormone). Ghrelin increases appetite and stimulates the release of growth hormone.

7. Animal studies have found that fasting could delay aging and increase longevity, but human research is still lacking.

8. May aid in cancer prevention and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Some animal and test-tube studies suggest that fasting could block tumor development and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

8. “The literal definition of fasting is to abstain from food and drink from a specific period of time; it’s been around for thousands of years, as spiritual fasting is a part of many religions”. Mahashivaratri fasting is for 24 hours. Those who are practicing can continue fasting. Those who want to start fasting first time, should take guidance of family physician. They should be well hydrated (drink sufficient quantity of water). In case of health issues, they can eat normal food and discontinue fasting.

9. Jaagaran – an all-night vigil and prayer: Maha Shivaratri is celebrated when winter pass across spring. The humans have to adjust the body physiology as they are easily influenced to lung and respiratory infections. Staying awake on the whole night and reciting powerful Vedic mantras will help in charging with the infrared energies which acts as a medicine for the seasonal changes.

Bhel leaves:

The bhel tree appears in Shri Shuktam of Rig Veda, which revers this plant as the residence of goddess Lakshmi. Bhel trees are usually seen near and inside Shiva temples. The bhel leaves are “Trifoliate” means they are arranged in 3s. Traditional Hindus believe that, each leaf represents Tridevas – Brahma, Vishnu and Maheswara. Bhel leaves contain chemical compounds, Furocoumarins, Flavonoids. The bilva leaves are the preventive medicine for respiratory diseases and cardiac problems. By inhaling the smell we are connected to aroma therapy. Bhel tree is popularly called as wood apple, golden apple, and botanical name is “Aegle Marmelos”.

Dr K Hanumanthayya, Bengaluru   

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Indians are inheritors of a culture which integrated spirituality and science with great ceremony in the form of festivals. To bring the science and spirituality to life, the philosophical ideas (Vedas) were transformed into beautiful allegorical stories (Puranas). From these Puranas, festivals and traditions are developed to bring family and community together. Underlying it all is the human instinct of joy and happiness and remembrance of the principle of the victory of good over evil in the constant struggle between them.

Makara Sankranthi  in reference to God Surya (Sun):

Makara Sankranthi, also known as Makara Sankramana, Suggi Habba, Magha Mela, Maghi, Bhogi, Pongal, is a festival day in the Hindu calendar, in reference to God Surya (Sun). It is observed each year in January month. It marks the first day of sun’s transit into the Makara (Capricorn), marking the end of the month with the winter solstice (winter season) and the start of longer day’s summer solstice (summer season). The festival Makara Sankranthi is a solar event making it one of the few Hindu festivals which fall on the same date in local calendars every year: 14 January, with some exceptions, when the festival is celebrated on 15 January. 

Makara means crocodile, Sankranthi means to cross into or change. The Makara or crocodile represents the materialistic World and Sankranthi gives an opportunity to get away from the clutches of the crocodile or the materialistic World. Makara Sankranthi marks the transition of the Sun from Sagittarius (Dhanu Rashi) to the zodiac sign of the Capricorn (Makara Rashi).

In other countries too, the day is celebrated by Hindus, but under different names and in different ways like in Nepal – Khichdi Sankranthi, Bangladesh – Poush Sankranthi, and Pakistan – Tirmoori.  

Much before contemporary scientists came up with their observations of solar system a few hundred years ago, scholars of ancient India (5000 years ago) already knew that sun is the center of our celestial system and is the source of energy for all planets including our planet earth, which takes 365 days to revolve around the Sun. This complete cycle of 360 degree which is also called the solar calendar (1 year) is divided into 12 months (January to December) or zodiacs (12 Rashis – Sagittarius Dhanu Rashi to Capricorn Makara Rashi) of 30 degree each (360/12=30) and each zodiac is associated with certain characteristic depending on the positions of earth & sun in relative to each other, which in turn also determines the season & radiation patterns.

The zodiac months of the Sun from July to December witness decreasing sunlight, and after that, the subsequent zodiac months witness increase in sunlight. For an “observer”, it looks like the Sun is on a downward journey between July to December and this downward journey suddenly changes to upward journey or northward movement in late December and early January. Since uttara means northward and aayana means movement in Sanskrit, this phenomenon of phase reversal from southward movement to northward movement of the Sun is called “Uttara Ayana” or “Uttarayan” in short. The Surya Siddhanta defines Uttarāyaṇa or Uttarayan as the period between the Makara Sankranthi (which currently occurs around January 14) and Karka Sankranthi (which currently occurs around July 16) The Sun’s movement from northward to southward, from July to December is called “Dakshinayan”.

Hindus celebrate major cosmic changes, such as the transmigration of the sun from one zodiac sign (Rashi) to other zodiac sign (one month to next month) as Sankranthi.  Of the twelve Sankranthi (12 months), Makara Sankranthi on January 14th is the most significant; the sun passes through the winter season, from the Tropic of Cancer to the Tropic of Capricorn (Makara) summer season.  We witness cosmic, astronomical harmony and prayerfully honor this scientific Truth. The six months of northern movement of the sun is followed by six months of southern movement. The days are warmer and longer than nights.

This festival signifies the harvest of the season:

Sankranthi is the Suggi or harvest festival for farmers of Karnataka. On this auspicious day, all family members wear new clothes to visit near and dear ones with a Sankranthi offering in a plate and exchange the same with other families. This ritual is called “Ellu Birodhu.” Here the plate would normally contain “Ellu” (white sesame seeds) mixed with fried groundnuts, neatly cut dry coconut and fine cut bella (jaggery). The mixture is called “Ellu-Bella”. The plate contains shaped sugar candy moulds (Sakkare Acchu,) with a piece of sugarcane. There is a saying in Kannada “ellu bella thindu olle maathadi” that translates to “eat the mixture of sesame seeds and jaggery and speak only well.”

This festival signifies the harvest of the season, since sugarcane is predominant in these parts. Ellu Bella, Ellu Unde, bananas, sugarcane, red berries, haldi and kumkum and small gift items useful in everyday lives are often exchanged among women in Karnataka. In some parts of Karnataka, a newly married woman is required to give away bananas for five years to married women (muthaidhe/sumangali) from the first year of her marriage and increase the number of bananas in multiples of five. In north Karnataka, kite flying with community members is a tradition. Drawing rangoli in groups is another popular event among women during Sankranthi.

An important ritual is display of cows and bulls in colourful costumes in an open field. Cows are decorated for the occasion and taken on a procession. They are also made to cross a fire. This ritual is common in rural Karnataka and is called “Kichchu Haayisuvudu.”

Makara Sankranthi is celebrated in Kerala at Sabarimala where the Makara Jyothi is visible followed by the Makaravilakku celebrations. In Sikhism, Makara Sankranthi is celebrated as Maghi to pay homage to the forty Sikhs who sacrificed their lives to save Guru Gobind Singh when the Mughals came in search for the Guru.

1. It marks Uttaryana-the day of the Devta’s (GODs) whereas “Dakhsiyana” is the night of the GODs.

2. It is also said that Lord Surya visits his son Shani Deva on Sankranthi day, who is ruling Makara Rashi. It is believed those who so ever leave their body on this day attain Moksha or Liberation.

3. The great saviour of his ancestors, Maharaja Bhagirath, did great Tapasya to bring Gangaji down on the earth for the redemption of 60,000 sons of Maharaja Sagar, who were burnt to ashes at the Kapil Muni Ashram, near the present day Ganga Sagar (West Bengal). It was on this day that Bhagirath finally did tarpan with the Ganges water for his unfortunate ancestors and thereby liberated them from the curse.

4. In Mahabharata battle, Bhishma left this earth on this day. He had boon of iccha mrithu and he chose this auspicious day to depart from earth.

5. On this day, Devi Sankranthi killed the demon Sankrasura; hence this day is called Sankranthi. Next day Devi Sankranthi killed the demon Kinkrasura; hence this day is called Kinkranthi or Karidin.  

6. Lord Vishnu on this day take bath in Triveni Sangama, hence devotees take bath to get blessings of Lord Vishnu. People take bath in river in Ganges, Yamuna, Godavari, Kaveri and Krishna. Once in 12 year they celebrate Kumba mela, and devotees take bath in these river believing that God’s from heaven pour Amrutha in these rivers. It is believed that bathing in these holy rivers relieves oneself from past sins.

 Medical benefits of these traditions:

Ellu Birodhu, Kyte flying, Bath in holy rivers, Display of cows – Kichchu haisodhu, are some of the traditions of Sankranthi festival.

1. “Ellu Birodhu.” Here the plate would normally contain “Ellu” (white sesame seeds) mixed with fried groundnuts, neatly cut dry coconut and fine cut bella (jaggery).

2. Ellu – Sesame seeds – Sesame oil – Til oil is an edible vegetable oil, and Indians use it for traditional massaging of whole body. During winter season, body’s oil reserve is all exhausted; skin has become dry, flaky and itchy. Eating Ellu replenish oil reserve and, oil massage on the body, brings smoothness and suppleness to the skin. Skin looks attractive and flexible. Sesame oil contains mainly mixture of saturated and unsaturated oils. (Linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmatic acid, and stearic acid). It also contains vitamin E, and vitamin K. Eating Ellu helps body to get more energy health improves.

3. Groundnuts also called peanuts are excellent source of monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, saturated fats, rich source of minerals like magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, proteins and dietary fibre and vitamin B complex. Good for health.

4. Coconut oil contains high level of saturated fatty acids, vitamin E, vitamin K, Iron and phytosterols. Coconut oil is good for body massaging.  

5. Jaggery contains sucrose, give instant energy. It is also good source of calcium, iron and phosphorous.

6. Kite flying is also one of the traditions, early morning family members and friends go to open grounds and fly the kites and all will enjoy. Today we know that, early morning Ultra Violet Rays are mild and will have beneficial effect on the whole body. Vitamin D will be synthesized, thus help in strengthening of bones. Germicidal property of Ultra Violet Rays will remove germs from our body. Today most of the people fly the kite in evening.

7. River bath – people take bath in the early morning in running water, and pray Lord Surya. Running water will take away the dirt accumulated on the body, and while praying Lord Surya, Ultra Violet Rays will warm up the body and clean the body from germs.   

8. Giving gifts – people give gifts during Makara Sankranthi, and help poor people. Wealthy people give Ellu and Bella with cloths or utensils to needy people and poor.

9. Makara Sankranthi songs – In many parts of India, students go to community halls, respected citizen’s house and sing Makara Sankranthi songs. A community people gather around large open fire, night before Makara Sankranthi. They jointly sing songs, dance and welcome warm day in the morning (Lohri).

10. Kichchu Haayisuvudu – like humans cattle too had sufferings in winter season, hence are prepared to be ready for harvest by running them in warm fire.

Every traditional customs of Indians are scientific, today we are analysing them and accepting them as the best customs in World.

Dr K Hanumanthayya Bengaluru

The post Makara Sankranthi – harvest festival for farmers : A medical perspective appeared first on Health Vision.

With  COVID-19 restrictions Muslims will mainly be celebrating Ramadan at home and traditional gatherings for the evening meal won’t be able to go ahead. For those who celebrate the month this may mean planning differently for foods and drinks to prepare as well as possibly taking part in online events to meet family, friends and the wider community. Ramadan is a time where it is very important to try to help others. Although doing this face to face isn’t possible, supporting those in need in other ways, such as donating to charities online, is still a key part of the month.

Aside from the religious obligations upon Muslims during the Holy month of Ramadan, fasting has countless health benefits, too. From improved weight management and healthier blood cell regeneration through to better heart function and vascular well-being, fasting has become quite the go-to method of keeping young, fit and healthy.

How Does Fasting Affect The Body?

During fasting hours when no food or drink is consumed, the body uses its stores of carbohydrate (stored in the liver and muscles) and fat to provide energy once all the calories from the foods. The body cannot store water and so the kidneys conserve as much water as possible by reducing the amount lost in urine. However, the body cannot avoid losing some water when you go to the toilet and when you sweat if it is warm. Depending on the weather and the length of the fast, most people who fast during Ramadan will experience mild dehydration, which may cause headaches, tiredness and difficulty concentrating.

However, this is not harmful to health, provided that enough fluids are consumed after breaking the fast to replace those lost during the day. If you are unable to stand up due to dizziness, or you are disoriented, you should urgently drink regular, moderate quantities of water – ideally with sugar and salt – a sugary drink or rehydration solution. If you faint due to dehydration, your legs should be raised above your head by others, and when you awake, you should urgently rehydrate as outlined above.

For those who would normally consume caffeinated drinks such as tea and coffee during the day, the lack of caffeine during the fast may initially lead to headaches and tiredness. This may ease over the course of Ramadan as the body adjusts to going without caffeine during the day. Once the fast is broken, the body can rehydrate and gain energy from the foods and drinks consumed. Having not eaten for a long period, you may find it helpful to eat slowly when breaking the fast and to start with plenty of fluids and low-fat, fluid-rich foods.

Is Fasting Good For Health?

 The health effects of Ramadan fasting are mixed, probably because the length of the fast and the weather conditions experienced vary depending on the time of year and the country where the fast is being observed. People who are overweight or obese lose weight and body fat during Ramadan (although they tended to put this weight back on after Ramadan). If you are overweight and would like to lose weight and keep it off, then making plans to maintain a healthy diet and get active when Ramadan is finished may help you sustain any weight lost due to fasting.

Breaking The Fast:

Drinking plenty of fluids, as well as consuming fluid-rich foods, such as fruit, vegetables, yogurt, soups and stews, is very important to replace fluids lost during the day and to start the next day of fasting well hydrated. Salt stimulates thirst and so it’s a good idea to avoid consuming a lot of salty foods. The pre-dawn meal, suhoor, provides fluids and energy for the day of fasting ahead, so making healthy choices can help you to cope better with the fast.

While iftar meals are often a time for celebration, with families and friends coming together to break their fasts, it’s important not to go overboard when eating during Ramadan. Consuming a lot of deep fried, creamy and sweet foods may actually cause you to gain weight during Ramadan. Ramadan can be a good time to make changes to improve the balance of your diet that you can sustain in the longer term.

The changes to eating habits and lack of fluids during the day may cause constipation for some people. When you can eat and drink, consuming plenty of high fibre foods, such as wholegrains, high fibre cereals, fruit and vegetables, beans, lentils, dried fruit and nuts alongside plenty of fluids may help to ease constipation as well as doing some light physical activity, such as going for a walk after iftar.

What To Eat And Drink At Iftar And Suhoor

Iftar – when first breaking the fast go for plenty of fluids, low fat, fluid-rich foods and foods containing some natural sugars for energy (avoid consuming a lot of foods or drinks with added sugars).

• Drinks – water, milk, fruit juices or smoothies – water provides hydration without any extra calories or added sugars. Drinks based on milk and fruit provide some natural sugars and nutrients – these are also good to break the fast but avoid drinking a lot of drinks with added sugars after breaking the fast as these can provide too much sugars and calories.
• Dates – traditionally eaten to break the fast since the time of the Prophet Muhammad, dates are a great way to break the fast as they provide natural sugars for energy, provide minerals like potassium, copper and manganese and are a source of fibre. You could also try other dried fruits such as apricots, figs, raisins or prunes, which also provide fibre and nutrients.
• Fruit – a traditional way to break the fast in South Asian cultures, fruit provides natural sugars for energy, fluid and some vitamins and minerals.
• Soup – traditional in many Arab countries, is a light way to break the fast and provides fluid. Traditional soups are based on a meat broth and often contain pulses, like lentils and beans, and starchy foods like pasta or grains, providing nutrients and energy.

After breaking the fast – meals vary between different cultures and traditions but try to make sure the foods you eat provide a balance of starchy foods, including whole grains where you can have fruit and vegetables, dairy foods and protein-rich foods. After a long fast it’s natural to want to treat yourself but try to keep the amount of fatty and sugary foods and sugary drinks you have to a small amount. Remember that you only have a relatively short time each day to eat and drink to provide your body with all the essential nutrients and fluids it needs to be healthy, so the quality of your diet is especially important during Ramadan.

Suhoor – drink plenty of fluids, choose fluid-rich foods to make sure you are well hydrated for the day ahead and go for starchy foods for energy, choosing high fibre or wholegrain varieties where possible as these can help keep you feeling fuller and can aid digestion, helping to prevent constipation.

• Oats – these are wholegrains and you could choose porridge, which will also provide fluids as it’s made with milk or water, muesli with milk or yogurt or overnight oats. You could experiment with fresh or dried fruit, nuts or seeds as toppings.
• High fibre breakfast cereals – these provide plenty of fibre and are often fortified with vitamins and minerals, providing extra nutrients. Because they are consumed with milk, you also get fluid and nutrients like calcium, iodine and b vitamins from the milk.
• Starchy foods like rice – you could try rice pudding with fruit or other grains with dairy or fruit. If you go for savoury dishes at suhoor then it’s a good idea make sure these are not too salty or they may make you very thirsty during the fast.
• Yogurt – this can be a good food to include at suhoor as it provides nutrients like protein, calcium, and iodine and b vitamins and also contains fluid. You could combine it with cereal and fruit as in the examples above.
• Breads – go for wholegrain options as these provide more fibre, for example wholemeal toast or chapattis. Avoid combining bread with salty foods like hard cheese, or preserved meats. You could try nut butters (without added salt), soft cheese, or banana. As bread is fairly dry, make sure you drink plenty of water or other fluids alongside or you could have fluid-rich foods such as a lentil soup, which is a traditional food at suhoor in some countries.

Hidden-Added Benefits Of Islamic Fasting:

1) Dates

Although three dates are eaten at the start of Iftar every day during Ramadan for spiritual reasons, they also come with the added bonus of multiple health benefits. One of the most important aspects of fasting is getting the right amount of energy, and considering an average serving of dates contains 31 grams (just over 1 oz) of carbohydrates, this is one of the perfect foods to give you a boost. Dates are also a great way of getting some much-needed fibre, which will aid and improve digestion throughout Ramadan. Add to that their high levels of potassium, magnesium and B vitamins, and it quickly becomes apparent that dates are one of the healthiest fruits out there.

2) Boost Your Brain

No doubt you’ll be aware of the positive effects fasting can have on your mental well-being and spiritual focus, but the brain-boosting powers of Ramadan are even more significant than you might think. The mental focus you achieved during Ramadan increases the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which causes the body to produce more brain cells, thus improving brain function. Likewise, a distinct reduction in the amount of the hormone cortisol, produced by the adrenal gland, means that stress levels are greatly reduced both during and after Ramadan.

3) Ditch Bad Habits

Because you will be fasting during the day, Ramadan is the perfect time to ditch your bad habits for good. Vices such as smoking and sugary foods should not be indulged during Ramadan, and as you abstain from them your body will gradually acclimatise to their absence, until your addiction is kicked for good. It’s also much easier to quit habits when you do so in a group, which should be easy to find during Ramadan. Fasting’s ability to help you cut out bad habits is so significant that the ideal time to ditch smoking.

4) Lower Cholesterol

We all know that weight loss is one of the possible physical outcomes of fasting during Ramadan, but there’s also a whole host of healthy changes going on behind the scenes. Ramadan enjoy a positive effect on the lipid profile, which means there is a reduction of cholesterol in the blood. Low cholesterol increases cardiovascular health, greatly reducing the risk of suffering from heart disease, a heart attack, or a stroke. If you follow a healthy diet after Ramadan, this newly lowered cholesterol level should be easy to maintain.

5) Lasting Appetite Reduction

One of the main problems with extreme fad diets is that any weight lost is often quickly put back on, sometimes even with a little added extra. This isn’t the case with Ramadan. The reduction in food consumed throughout fasting causes your stomach to gradually shrink, meaning you’ll need to eat less food to feel full. If you want to get into the habit of healthy eating then Ramadan is a great time to start. When it’s finished your appetite will be lower than it was before, and you’ll be far less likely to overindulge with your eating.

6) Detoxify

As well as being great for spiritually cleansing yourself, Ramadan acts as a fantastic detox for your body. By not eating or drinking throughout the day your body will be offered the rare chance to detoxify your digestive system throughout the month. This body cleanse will leave a healthy blank slate behind, and is the perfect stepping stone to a consistently healthy lifestyle.

7) Absorb More Nutrients

By not eating throughout the day during Ramadan you’ll find that your metabolism becomes more efficient, means the amount of nutrients you absorb from food improves. This is because of an increase in a hormone called adiponectin, which is produced by a combination of fasting and eating late at night, and allows your muscles to absorb more nutrients. This will lead to health benefits all around the body, as various areas are able to better absorb and make use of the nutrients they need to function.

8) Immune System

Partaking in fasting promotes healing in the human body as it applies core focus to its immune system and metabolism as opposed to focusing on digestion, further enhancing muscle growth in the process. The immune system is largely comprised of white blood cells and fasting encourages your body to recycle any old white blood cells which results in a healthier, more robust immune system. Your body regenerates stem cells that consist of red and white blood cells along with your platelets once your body consumes food again.

Dr Venkataramana Hegde
Veda wellness center
Nisarga Mane Sirsi
Uttarakannada District
Ph: 9597019032/ 9448729434
Email : nisargamane6@gmail.com

Dr. Nandhini V mohan, BNYS
NVM DIET AND LIFESTYLE CLINIC
Assistant professor and medical officer
Annai college of naturopathy and yoga science, kumbakonam, Tamilnadu.
Watsapp-9597019032 (Online consultation available)
Email: nandhinimohanbnys@gmail.com

The post Ramadan fasting : Is this religious fasting good for health? appeared first on Health Vision.

Diwali is a festival of cleanliness and it is important that we take this aspect very seriously this year. It is a good time to discard what is not needed in the house and avoid the spread of any kind of infection or disease. Celebrations with family are fine this year but if you decide to involve people from outside, make sure that you follow the safety protocols well.

While it is better to avoid crowding, in cases where you need to call people over, remember the two keywords: wear a mask and maintain a distance. Some key takeaways from the session on celebrating festivals are as follows:

1. About 15 minutes of cumulative meetings can spread infections. Maintain physical distance and wear a mask at all times. Winters freeze the lipid layer of viruses. If they get into the nose, they can get stuck there and give infection.

2. Those who wish to apply mehndi can be innovative this year and only do so on the feet. In case you are getting married and also want to apply on your hands, make sure you keep them on both sides. There should a distance of at least 3 feet between the applier’s mouth and the client’s to avoid face to face transmission.

3. For Diwali pooja, it is good to place the Diyas outside the house to reduce the rate of transmission. Do not send mithai and chocolate. Send educational links or a packet of masks since most of those available in the market are not the right ones.

4. Avoid crackers completely. They can lead to pollution which can further increase CRP. In case the person gets COVID-19, the severity will increase because of pollution.

5. Do not consume alcohol since it can increase the chances of fatty liver. About 18 ml of whiskey is harmless but anything over and above can be detrimental.

6. Open air parties are better. To prevent any kind of infection, cross ventilation is very essential which cannot happen in a room with just one window or none at all.

Padma Shri Dr K K Aggarwal
President, Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI)

The post Celebrating festivals during COVID-19 should be with utmost care appeared first on Health Vision.

The festivals of India are magnanimous in nature. Each festival is based on rituals and traditions which help us in leading a healthy life. The Indian festivals apart from having epic background, speak through various food delicacies, decorations and celebration moods. But did you know, they are based on the seasonal regimen? Ex: During Ugadi, we welcome the Hindu Dravidian New Year with jaggery and neem; This is the season which causes a vitiation or derangement in the kapha (bioenergy). The regimen and food relished during this festival are the answer for treating the vitiation.

During Ramanavami, we have the Vishnu temples grandly decorated and distributing various Panaka (fruit drinks) and Kosambriprasadams (preparations from soaked lentils). For children, it is their welcome drink, setting their mood for the summer time. The refreshing panakas supplement the energy balance that is depleted by the sun’s strong rays. Sankranthi, is the time where we chew on dryfruit -til laddus and Pongal. Avarekaipaarase is in full swing. It is the Hemantarutukaala, where the body would require good energy sources for maintaining good health, which is supplemented by the festive occasion.

Presently, we have just finished Shravana masa, and its boat of festivals, each having it’s own importance. With the present pandemic revising our life, we have become more aware, limiting our sources to essential, our choices have become wiser and celebrations have become quieter. But with a bang, we welcome Lord Ganesh, the remover of obstacles, the god of knowledge and good fortune. Vinayaka/Ganesh Chaturthi falls on the fourth day of the Bhadrapada masa. Though food preparations in our country change every few miles, we have adopted certain food delicacies reserved to that festival (and in turn that season).

And during Ganesha Chaturthi , it is Modaka! The steamed sweet is made with rice flour covering and the filling usually comprises a mixture of coconut, jaggery and saffron. In the name of Lord Ganesha, we also enjoy other delicacies like polis, vegetable salads and mouth slurping laddus. Every time I ponder how well knit each of our festivals are inclining to the season, harvest, health and well-being, I am left with awe and gratefulness to our highly knowledgeable ancestors. They framed our festivals to suit with the seasonal regimens. So, knowingly or unknowingly we plan our seasonal regimen through our festivals.

Varsha Rutucharya according to Ayurveda:

Before elaborating on the Varsha Rutucharya, let me brief up on the systemic understanding of the Ayurveda Rutucharya. To introduce, we have 6 seasons governing the 12 months of a year. They are Shishira, Vasanta, Greeshma, Varsha , Sharad and Hemanta. Shishira ,Vasanta and Greeshma form the Uttarayana (northern Solstice) also known as Adana Kala because as the Sun gets stronger during these seasons , the energy and strength of the people deplete accordingly. The three rutus forming the Dakshinayana (southern Solstice) or visarga kala are Varsha , Sharad and Hemanta. Here the moon gets stronger,in turn cooling the excess heat of the sun. This builds up the energy and vigour on a general basis. The table below will give the details regarding the season and month descriptions.

Considering basic fundamentals, the strength of a man is said to be maximum in the Hemanta and Shishirarutu. During Greeshma and Varsha it is weak, and moderate during the other two seasons. Having a look at the chart, we can understand that we are in the Varsha Rutu (rainy season).

Varsha Rutucharya ( Dietics and regimen for rainy season):

The rainy season comes in the category of Dakshinayana. During this season the sky is covered by clouds, forecasting rains. The ponds, rivers etc are filled with water. The atmosphere and environment influence resulting indepletion of energyand vitiation of the bio-energies especially vata(wind bio-energy). The digestion power starts to reduce from the preceding season itself i.e .Greeshma (summer season). It increases further, weakening the body and causing vitiation of other bio-energies. It is understood how easily infections are spread in a humid moist environment, and when that’s accompanied with a weak health condition, we become more susceptible to diseases. How can this be treated or avoided? By following the Dietary rules and regimen explained during this season.

Diet regimen:

1. Consume freshly prepared food. Consume foods having  Amla(sour) and Lavana(salty) taste.

2. Food should be unctuous. This also acts as an antidote to the vitiating Vatabioenergy.

3. Old barley, rice, wheat etc are advised. Besides meat soup,vegetable soup and soup of cereals is advised.

4. Consume medicated/boiled water as water is easily contaminated during the rains.

5. Use honey in limited amounts in preparing diets, drinks and eatables.

6. Honey consumption helps to get rid of the dampness and moistness which can be a host for many diseases.

7. Avoid consumption of gruels/churned preparations diluted in excess.

8. Avoid excessive water, liquid and wine. Foods which are hard to digest like meat are prohibited.

Lifestyle:

1. Specifying important rules of conduct , apart from the general rainy season regimen.

2. Pragharshana, udvartana (powder massage) Snana (bathing with fragrant herbs) should be practiced.

3. Clothes should be clean, light and devoid of humidity. In times of exposure, cover well to avoid effects of winds, rains etc.

4. Medicated Basti (enema) is prescribed as an evacuative procedure to expel vitiated Doshas.

5. Exposure to rain/frosts/snow/sun rays is best avoided.

6. Avoid day sleep, excessive exercises, wind, staying at riverbanks, moving in sun, and indulgence in sexual intercourse.

Following the seasonal regimen rules based on Ayurveda principles, help one in maintaining health with improved strength and vigour. For the ones suffering from diseases which are easily precipitated through seasonal change adopt the regimens explained to improve healthy quality and reduce effects of the seasonal change. Ex: Skin disorders, respiratory problems, bone and joint issues, metabolic disorders etc are influenced with climatic changes. Following the seasonal regimen reduces that disease impact.

VakratundaMahakayaKotisuryaSamaprabha,

Nirvighnam Kurume deva SarvakaryeshuSarvada.

We have grown learning the meaning of this verse. Let me share an Ayurveda description of the above verse: Vakratunda(Aquality of the Vatabio-energy), Mahakaya(a quality of the Kapha energy), kotisuryasamaprabha(a quality of the pitta bio-energy). A balance brought in these three doshas (Bioenergies) clears any kind of obstacle, making life healthier and happy.

Wishing you all a safe, happy, healthy and prosperous Ganesh Chaturthi.

Dr. Sanmathi P Rao
Sriranga Ayurveda
10/2, Bugle rock road, Basavanagudi
Bangalore-560004
Ph.: 080-26627717
Mob: 7829488352
http://www.srirangaayurveda.com/

 (The italic fonts denote transliteration)

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