Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and deadliest forms of cancer globally. While smoking is widely recognised as a primary cause, in recent years, cases of lung cancer among non-smokers have been on the rise, particularly among women. Environmental and occupational exposures, genetic predispositions, and lifestyle choices are among the factors that can be attributed to the development of this disease. Raising awareness and enhancing understanding of the risk factors is essential to improving prevention, early detection, and outcomes.

Risk factors beyond tobacco

One of the most pressing concerns in urban and industrial regions is air pollution. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and other toxic pollutants have been found to cause cellular damage in the lungs, increasing the risk of cancer. Long-term exposure, particularly in densely populated cities, has been associated with a significant rise in lung-related illnesses, including cancer.

Occupational exposure is another critical but often overlooked factor. Workers in mining, construction, manufacturing, and other industries are often exposed to carcinogens such as asbestos, silica dust, and radon gas. Prolonged contact with these substances, especially in unregulated environments, raises the likelihood of developing lung cancer, often years after exposure.

Radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is an under-recognised threat in residential settings. Invisible and odourless, it can seep into homes through cracks in floors and walls. Inhalation of radon over extended periods can cause significant lung damage and is the second leading cause of lung cancer in many countries.

Genetic factors can also contribute to lung cancer. Although inherited mutations alone do not necessarily lead to cancer, they can increase vulnerability when combined with environmental triggers.

Emerging trends in recreational smoking practices are also concerning. The increasing popularity of vaping and hookah, especially among youth, has introduced new health risks. These alternatives are often marketed as safer than cigarettes, but they still deliver harmful substances into the lungs, with long-term effects yet to be fully understood.

Prevention and early action

Like any disease, prevention remains the most powerful defence against lung cancer. Avoiding exposure to polluted environments, ensuring occupational safety, testing homes for radon, and discouraging non-essential use of vaping products are key health strategies. Importantly, symptoms such as a persistent cough, breathlessness, or unexplained chest pain should prompt immediate medical evaluation. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, with balanced nutrition and regular exercise, is an important aspect of reducing the risk of cancer.

Advancing treatment through innovation

At Cadila Pharmaceuticals, we are committed to advancing cancer care through research-driven innovation. One such breakthrough, India’s first indigenously developed immunotherapy for a specific subtype of lung cancer, Desmocollin-3 (DSC3) expressing squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This therapy, powered by heat-killed Mycobacterium w, works by modulating the tumour microenvironment to stimulate a targeted immune response. It enhances T-cell activity while reducing immunosuppressive elements within the tumour, offering new hope for patients with limited treatment options.

Final thoughts

Lung cancer is a complex disease influenced by many factors beyond smoking. Focusing only on smoking as a cause does a disservice to the many who face it despite being non-smokers. By increasing our understanding of the risk factors and focusing on both prevention and innovation, we can move towards a future where lung cancer can be more effectively prevented and treated.

Dr. Rudri Modi
Assistant General Manager, Medical Affairs
Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited

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Pesticides include a wide range of chemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. Some of the most commonly used pesticides include glyphosate, organophosphates, and carbamates. These chemicals can enter the human body through food, water, air, and even skin contact, leading to varying levels of exposure.

Scientific Evidence Linking Pesticides to Cancer
Numerous studies have examined the relationship between pesticide exposure and cancer risk. Key findings include:
Glyphosate and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a part of the World Health Organization (WHO), classified glyphosate as a “probable human carcinogen” in 2015. Several epidemiological studies have found an increased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma among agricultural workers exposed to glyphosate-based herbicides.
Organophosphates and Leukemia: Organophosphate pesticides, commonly used in farming, have been linked to an increased risk of leukemia, particularly in children exposed to these chemicals in utero or early childhood.
DDT and Breast Cancer: Although banned in many countries, DDT and its breakdown products persist in the environment and have been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
Pesticide Exposure and Prostate Cancer: Studies indicate that farmers and pesticide applicators have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer, possibly due to prolonged exposure to certain pesticides like chlorpyrifos.

Mechanisms Behind Pesticide-Induced Cancer
Pesticides may contribute to cancer development through various biological mechanisms:
• DNA Damage: Some pesticides act as genotoxic agents, causing mutations in DNA that can lead to uncontrolled cell growth.
• Endocrine Disruption: Many pesticides interfere with hormone regulation, which can contribute to hormone-related cancers like breast and prostate cancer.
• Oxidative Stress: Exposure to pesticides can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cellular damage and increased cancer risk.

Reducing Pesticide Exposure
Given the potential risks, it is essential to take steps to reduce pesticide exposure:
• Opt for Organic Produce: Organic farming limits the use of synthetic pesticides, reducing exposure through food consumption.
• Wash Fruits and Vegetables: Proper washing and peeling of produce can lower pesticide residues.
• Use Protective Gear: Farmers and agricultural workers should wear protective clothing and follow safety guidelines when handling pesticides.
• Support Regulatory Measures: Advocating for stricter regulations on harmful pesticides can help reduce public health risks.

Scientific research strongly suggests a link between pesticide exposure and increased cancer risk, particularly for individuals in high-exposure occupations. While more research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects, adopting preventive measures can help minimize risks. Consumers, policymakers, and agricultural professionals all have a role to play in ensuring safer pesticide use and reducing potential health hazards.

Prashanth Sundaresh
Co founder and operations head, Woodified Natura
65/2, 6th Cross, Kaveri Pura, Bengaluru – 560079
E-mail: prashanth@woodifiednatura.in
Ph: 91485 43303/ 9845764343
https://woodifiednatura.in

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Ahmedabad: Stavya Spine Hospital, a renowned leader in exclusive spine care for over two decades, has introduced the Open Standing Weight Bearing MRI(Manufactured by Esaote SpA Italy) to its suite of advanced diagnostic tools. This innovative technology, designed specifically to meet the unique demands of spine diagnostics, enables imaging in standing, sitting and supine positions, offering new dimensions in evaluating spine conditions. The addition of this tool underscores Stavya’s commitment to ethical care, transparency, and advancing patient outcomes.

Transforming Diagnostics with Open Standing MRI
Unlike conventional MRIs, which require patients to lie flat for higher-resolution imaging, the Open Standing Esaote’s MRI allows for weight-bearing assessments of the spine. This machine is particularly suited to dynamic evaluations of conditions such as scoliosis, degenerative disc disease, and spinal instability. For patients with claustrophobia or anxiety about traditional MRI machines, the Open Standing MRI provides a more comfortable and open environment. Additionally, this technology can also be used to image the knee and hip in weight-bearing positions, offering valuable insights into joint health.

Dr. Mirant Dave, Spine Surgeon at Stavya, explained, “Our diagnostic philosophy is rooted in understanding how the spine functions under real-life conditions. The Open Standing Esaote’s MRI helps us evaluate the behavior of the spine under load, which is invaluable when determining whether a condition requires surgical intervention or can be managed conservatively. This is another step in our mission to deliver ethical, evidence-based care.” The Open Standing MRI is an essential tool for conditions where dynamic, functional imaging is critical.

Advanced Spine Care at Stavya
Stavya Spine Hospital has set itself apart as a center of excellence for spine care, combining cutting-edge technology, expert medical professionals, and a patient-first philosophy. As the only hospital in India exclusively dedicated to spine care, Stavya offers a comprehensive range of advanced treatments and diagnostics:
• Robotics in Spine Surgery: Revolutionizing complex procedures with enhanced precision and minimal risk.
• Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Delivering minimally invasive solutions for faster recovery and reduced discomfort.
• German Advanced Physiotherapy: Employing structured, evidence-based rehabilitation techniques for long-term recovery.
These technologies and techniques have been meticulously integrated into Stavya’s framework to provide a holistic approach to spine care. Every patient’s journey—from diagnosis to treatment and rehabilitation—is tailored to their specific needs, ensuring optimal outcomes and long-term spine health.

Dr. Bharat Dave, Director and Spine Surgeon, remarked, “At Stavya, we have always prioritized integrating the best of technology, talent, and treatment methods to provide our patients with comprehensive spine care. The Open Standing MRI complements this approach, helping us better understand and treat conditions that require dynamic imaging.”

The Team of Experts at Stavya
Stavya Spine Hospital prides itself on its team of highly skilled spine surgeons and physiotherapists who are dedicated to providing the best care. The surgical team includes:
• Dr. Bharat Dave
• Dr. Mirant Dave
• Dr. Ajay Krishnan
• Dr. Hitesh Modi
• Dr. Shivanand Mayi
• Dr. Raviranjan Rai
• Dr. Mukesh Patel
• Dr. Devanand Degulmadi

Together, this team brings decades of experience and expertise in managing complex spine conditions through advanced surgical techniques and ethical decision-making. The team’s collaborative approach ensures every patient receives the most effective care, whether surgical or conservative.

Stavya also boasts a world-class physiotherapy team, led by Dr. Akruti Dave, that works in close coordination with the surgeons to create comprehensive rehabilitation plans. Their focus is on ensuring patients regain optimal mobility and strength, whether recovering from surgery or managing their condition through conservative means.

Physiotherapy and Spine Health Checkups
Physiotherapy is a cornerstone of spine care, and Stavya emphasizes its role in both surgical and non-surgical treatment plans. Tools like the Open Standing MRI are invaluable for understanding a patient’s functional limitations and tailoring rehabilitation programs accordingly.

Dr. Akruti Dave, Head of Physiotherapy, shared, “Physiotherapy plays a vital role in improving patient outcomes. The Open Standing MRI helps us assess the mechanical and functional aspects of the spine more effectively, which is essential in designing personalized recovery plans. It also enhances our ability to help patients who are pursuing conservative care options.”

In addition to rehabilitation, Stavya has introduced Spine Health Checkups, a comprehensive program aimed at early detection and prevention of spine-related issues. The Open Standing MRI plays a central role in these checkups by offering dynamic imaging that uncovers subtle abnormalities and helps guide proactive treatment.
Dr. Akruti Dave added, “Spine Health Checkups are critical for detecting problems early, especially in individuals with sedentary lifestyles, poor posture, or chronic back pain. The Open Standing MRI allows us to offer patients a detailed understanding of their spine health, enabling timely interventions that can prevent further complications.”

Two Decades of Trust and Global Impact
Stavya Spine Hospital has built a legacy of trust over 20 years, treating thousands of patients from across India and the world. Patients turn to Stavya not only for its advanced technology but also for the hospital’s unwavering commitment to ethical, patient-first care.
In addition to its clinical impact, Stavya has been instrumental in training over 100 spine surgeons, many of whom now practice internationally. This focus on education and mentorship has helped Stavya contribute to the global advancement of spine care, ensuring its expertise reaches far beyond the hospital’s walls.

A Vision for the Future: Asia’s Largest Exclusive Spine Hospital
Looking to the future, Stavya is preparing to launch a new Center of Excellence in 2025, which will be the largest exclusive spine hospital in Asia. This landmark facility will expand Stavya’s capabilities, featuring advanced diagnostic and treatment technologies, increased capacity for patient care, and dedicated spaces for research and education. This project underscores Stavya’s ambition to remain at the forefront of spine care globally.
Mrs. Amita Dave, Managing Director, stated, “As we prepare for this new chapter, our focus remains on maintaining the trust of our patients. The Open Standing MRI is more than just a new diagnostic tool—it reflects our values of transparency, ethics, and a commitment to providing the most appropriate care for each individual.”

The Value of Transparency in Diagnostics
At Stavya, transparency is central to its care philosophy. The introduction of the Open Standing MRI is no exception. By openly sharing the specifications and purpose of this tool, Stavya ensures patients understand its role in their diagnostic journey.

Dr. Preety Krishnan, Radiologist, explained, “The Open Standing MRI is an important tool for specific spine conditions that require imaging in natural, weight-bearing positions. It’s ability to provide functional insights into the spine’s behavior is invaluable for certain diagnoses. This transparency helps patients feel confident and informed about their care.”

The post Stavya Spine Hospital Introduces Advanced Spine Diagnostics appeared first on Health Vision.

In recent years, disease detection centers have become increasingly essential. Accurate knowledge of the disease type, its progression, and treatment efficacy is vital for administering appropriate care. As a result, many people are now opting for specialized diagnostic centers, which is a prudent choice for accurate treatment.

Role of Technicians and Specialists
At Diagnostics centers, a technician is usually present. These technicians are well-trained and perform tests and imaging based on the instructions and details provided by the patient’s doctor. They ensure that the necessary tests are conducted accurately.

However, the scope of these inspections can significantly expand if a specialist doctor oversees the work done by the technician. This supervision can provide more comprehensive insights and potentially identify issues that might otherwise be missed. In contrast, NewMed Diagnostics Center offers a more integrated approach. It is not just a medical check-up center; doctors are directly involved in conducting all tests.

A Comprehensive Approach
NewMed Diagnostics Center distinguishes itself by having doctors present for all tests. This direct involvement of doctors provides several advantages:
• Expert Oversight: Doctors bring their expertise to the table, ensuring that the tests are not only performed correctly but also interpreted accurately.
• Comprehensive Evaluation: With doctors present, the evaluation is more thorough, leading to better diagnosis and treatment plans.
• Immediate Consultation: Patients can receive immediate feedback and consultation from doctors, reducing wait times for results and follow-up appointments.
• Enhanced Accuracy: The presence of doctors helps in the early detection of potential health issues, as they can notice subtle signs that a technician might miss.
• Enhanced Imaging: Doctors can obtain additional images if required, adjust camera positions, and focus on specific areas, leading to more effective verification of diseases.
• Immediate Decisions: If an image isn’t clear or more information is needed, doctors can promptly decide and acquire additional images, facilitating quicker and more accurate decision-making.
• Patient and Family Assurance: Relatives often seek detailed information from doctors.

Overall, the NewMed Diagnostics Center offers a superior diagnostic experience by integrating doctors into the testing process, ensuring high-quality and comprehensive medical care. Examinations supervised by doctors provide accurate and reassuring answers, making this approach highly preferable.

Leadership and Expertise
Dr. Murali R. Nadig, a prominent figure in nuclear medicine and PETCT, serves as the Medical Director of NewMed Diagnostics in Bangalore. With a medical degree from Mysore and post-graduation from AIIMS, Delhi, Dr. Nadig brings extensive expertise to the center. NewMed Diagnostics is notable for being the first and only nuclear medicine, PETCT, and radio nuclear facility in the state, leading the field for the past four years.

The combination of advanced technology, skilled technicians, and direct involvement of doctors at NewMed Diagnostics Center underscores its commitment to providing top-tier diagnostic services, ensuring precise disease detection and effective treatment.

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The number of people suffering from cancer is increasing. According to study, one in every eight Indians is likely to be diagnosed with cancer in the coming years. So, how do we wage war against this formidable disease? The current solution lies in early detection and preparation for appropriate treatment. In this regard, NewMedd Diagnostics in Bengaluru is setting a trend.

Theranostics, a concept that combines both disease detection and therapy under one roof, represents a new hope in the field of medical diagnostics and treatment, including cancer. Dr. Murali R. Nadig, a pioneer in this field, has introduced innovative methods in micro-examination and treatment. NewMedd Diagnostics offers advanced services such as Nuclear Medicine, Radio Nuclear Therapy, Molecular Imaging, and PET/CT under one roof.

The facility is equipped with state-of-the-art medical imaging equipment and software that meet international standards, ensuring the most accurate tests. Notable technologies include the Dual Head SPECT Gamma Camera and Karnataka’s first IQe PET/CT with latest Light burst Detectors and Q.Clear Technology.

Accurate detection of cellular conditions is crucial in the treatment of cancer, and personalized care is essential for curing such diseases. Nuclear medicine, a result of cutting-edge medical research, plays a vital role in treating various conditions including Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Cancer, Neuroendocrine Tumours, and Bone Pain caused by cancer. This is why NewMedd Diagnostics has gained popularity after its inception. The institute has partnered with GE for training medical professionals and students in advanced treatments.

Dr. Murali R. Nadig
Dr. Murali R. Nadig, a leading name in Nuclear Medicine – PET/CT, is the Medical Director of NewMedd Diagnostics in Bangalore and Chief Advisor for Nuclear Medicine – PET/CT. He holds a medical degree from Mysore and a postgraduate degree from the prestigious AIIMS, specializing in Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear Cardiology, PET/CT, Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Cancer, and Radio Nuclear Therapies. He founded Karnataka’s first Nuclear Medicine – PET/CT Diagnostic Center and has dedicated his time to advancing nuclear medicine and PET/CT diagnostics.

For more information, please contact:
NewMedd Diagnostics
Bengaluru
No. 110, KH Road (Double Road), Land Mark: Next to Suzuki Show Room, Sudhama Nagara, Bengaluru – 560027  Ph: 080-2222 4050 / 94812 12244
Mysuru
No 59, 3rd main, Behind Akashavani, Yadavagiri, Mysuru – 20
Ph 70268 22682 / 70267 22672

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In a world witnessing incredible strides in healthcare, the shadow of cancer continues to cast a daunting presence. Despite promising advancements and a surge in open discussions, the mere mention of a cancer diagnosis can still send shivers down our spines. As we celebrate progress, it is crucial to acknowledge that beyond the physical manifestations of this formidable adversary lies a silent, yet profound, impact on mental health.

Unmasking the Emotional Struggle:

Cancer brings with it not only the tangible challenges of fatigue, hair loss, and nausea but also a complex tapestry of emotions that often elude the spotlight. The journey, though shared collectively, is intensely personal. Let’s explore the emotional storms that many cancer survivors weather:

1️⃣ Depression: According to the National Cancer Institute, 15 to 25 percent of those battling cancer also grapple with depression. The diagnosis itself becomes a catalyst, triggering a cascade of emotions. Depression in this context is not a fleeting sadness; it is a weighty companion characterized by fatigue, emptiness, mood swings, and feelings of worthlessness.

2️⃣ Grief: Grief extends its tendrils beyond the patient, enveloping their families and friends throughout the cancer battle. Anticipatory grief, a mix of emotions anticipating a loss, is a nuanced experience shared by both patients and their loved ones. While grief is a natural response, it is important not to face it in solitude.

3️⃣ Anxiety: The uncertainty surrounding future prognoses, impending reports, and treatment-related concerns contribute significantly to anxiety among cancer patients. Coined as “scanxiety” by the cancer community, it encapsulates the anxiety specifically tied to future scans – a prevalent challenge in the cancer journey.

A Call to Holistic Care:

Recognizing and addressing these mental health challenges is paramount. Seeking guidance from mental health specialists or therapists becomes a crucial part of holistic care. Understanding that a resilient mental state expedites the healing process and significantly enhances the overall quality of life is the cornerstone of this journey.

In our collective efforts towards cancer awareness, let us not only focus on physical well-being but also champion the nurturing of mental resilience. Through unity and understanding, we pave the way for a more compassionate and supportive journey for those navigating the complex terrain of cancer.

🌈💪

Dr. Geeta S.Narayanan
Vydehi Cancer Center, DKA Oncology block
Vydehi Hospital, Bengaluru – 66

The post Navigating the Unseen Battle: Cancer Impact on Mental Health appeared first on Health Vision.

Colorectal cancer is the 6th most common cause of cancer death in India and starts in the large intestine (colon) or rectum. It occurs when cells in the colon go out of control and mostly in older adults (above 45 years). This type of cancer usually begins as small benign clumps of cells called polyps which form inside the colon region and after some time these polyps become cancer cells. The healthy cells in the colon develop mutations in their DNA and accumulate together to form a tumour. Over time these cancer cells grow to invade and destroy the normal tissue nearby.

While there is no specific cause behind the development of colorectal cancer and most are found among people without a family history of colorectal cancer. However, approximately 1 in 3 people who are affected by the condition have other family members (parent, sibling, or child) who have suffered from colorectal cancer.
This puts people with a history of colorectal cancer at increased risk. The reasons for the increased risk are not clear in all cases but it is higher if their relative was diagnosed with cancer before 50 years or if more than one parent, sibling or child is affected. If you also have family members who have had adenomatous polyps or have a history of adenomatous polyps, then you must speak to your doctor and check with them on the need to start screening before the age of 45. Screening helps in detecting this cancer early and therefore if you have had colorectal cancer then you must inform your close relative so they can start their screening at the right age.
Symptoms
Colorectal cancer presents several symptoms and risk factors which can help in identifying it early. These include
● Constant changes in bowel habits diarrhea or constipation and modifications in stool
● Blood or rectal bleeding stool
● Persistent discomfort in the abdomen such as cramps, gas or pain
● Fatigue or weight loss
The symptoms of Colorectal cancer vary from patient to patient in terms of size, and location in the large intestine. Several people with colon cancer do not experience any symptoms in the early stages of the disease.
Risk Factors
● Old age – While colon cancer can be diagnosed at any age but it is mostly found in people above the age of 50 years. There is no specific cause behind the diagnosis as the number is also increasing among young people.
● Personal History – If you have already had colon cancer or non-cancerous polyps then you are at a greater risk of getting colon cancer in future.
● Inflammatory intestinal conditions – It includes diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis that can increase risk of colon cancer.
● Inherited Syndromes – A very small percentage of colon cancers are caused due to inherited syndromes like Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), and Lynch syndrome, which is also known as Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC).
● Family History – The risk of Colorectal cancer increases if you have a blood relative who has had the disease. If more than one family member has colon cancer, then the risk is even greater.
● Sedentary Lifestyle – People who are inactive or adopt a high-fat or low-fiber diet are at an increased risk of colon cancer. Alcohol consumption and heavy smoking put you at higher risk. Following a healthy lifestyle and getting regular physical activity can reduce risk.
● Type 2 Diabetes – Patients with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent) have an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
● Obesity – People who are obese are at increased risk and have less favorable outcomes compared to people with normal weight.
● Radiation therapy – This therapy when directed towards the abdomen to treat previous cancers increases the risk of colon cancer
How can you prevent yourself from colon cancer?
There are several precautionary measures that you can adopt to prevent yourself from colon cancer –
● Screening – Colon cancer screening through traditional colonoscopy every 10 years after the age of 45 is recommended before any signs or symptoms may develop. Doctors also include several other tests that include –
Colonoscopy – It is a type of screening where a colonoscope is used to gain images of the colon and rectum. This method is considered the “gold standard” in colon cancer screening because of its accuracy and the ability of your doctor to remove the growths at the same time.
Virtual/CT colonoscopy – In this method the doctors use computed tomography (CT) scans once the colon is slightly inflated to provide clearer images
Flexible sigmoidoscopy – This uses a light and camera lens or a sigmoidoscope to view the colon
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) – This screening method uses a light and camera lens or a sigmoidoscope to examine the colon. With this test, the doctors can find microscopic traces of blood that may not be visible during a normal bowel movement at home.
DNA stool test – This helps in analyzing a stool sample for any genetic changes that can indicate colorectal cancer.
● Lifestyle changes – Moderating alcohol consumption, curbing smoking, maintaining a healthy weight and regular exercise are some preventive measures through which you can reduce your risk of colon cancer.

Dr. Vijay Agarwal
Lead & Sr. Consultant – Medical Oncology & Haematology, Bengaluru

The post Colorectal Cancer: Spotting Signs and Embracing Prevention appeared first on Health Vision.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the severe cancers. It feasts quickly and is rarely detected in its early stages, a main reason that’s leading to the cause of cancer death. Signs and symptoms may not be noticed until the disease is quite progressive. By then, the cancer probable would have spread to other parts of the body and making surgical removal impossible.

For years, little was known about pancreatic cancer. But now researchers started to comprehend the genetic root of the disease — information that may ultimately helpful for new and better managements. Person can reduce risk of pancreatic cancer with some changes in lifestyle.

Signs and symptoms

Pancreatic cancer do not show any signs and symptoms until disease is advanced. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Upper abdominal pain that may radiate to your middle or upper back. Pain may be constant or intermittent and is often worse after eating or when lying down.
• Loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss. because cancerous (malignant) cells deprive healthy cells of nutrients.
• Yellowing of skin and the whites of eyes (jaundice). About half of people with pancreatic cancer develop jaundice, which occurs when bilirubin, a breakdown product of worn-out blood cells, accumulates in blood. Normally, bilirubin is eliminated in bile, a fluid produced in liver. But if a pancreatic tumor blocks the flow of bile, excess pigment from bilirubin may turn skin and the whites of eyes yellow. In addition, urine may be dark brown and stools white or clay-colored. Although jaundice is a common sign of pancreatic cancer, it’s more likely to result from other conditions, such as gallstones or hepatitis.
• Itching. In the later stages of pancreatic cancer, one may develop severe itching when high levels of bile acids, another component of bile, accumulate in skin.
• Nausea and vomiting. In advanced cases of pancreatic cancer, the tumor may block a portion of digestive tract, usually the upper portion of small intestine (duodenum), causing nausea and vomiting.
• Digestive problems. When cancer prevents pancreatic enzymes from being released into intestine, you’re likely to have a hard time digesting foods — especially those high in fat. Eventually, this may lead to significant weight loss and malnutrition.

Causes

Pancreas is about 6 inches long and looks something like a pear lying on its side. The wider end (head) is located near the centre of abdomen next to the upper part of small intestine (duodenum). The central part (body) of pancreas extends beyond abdomen, and narrow end (tail) is on left side, after spleen.

A part of digestive system, pancreas performs two vital roles.

It produces digestive juices and enzymes which is necessary for breaking down of carbohydrates, proteins and fats that food can be processed in small intestine.

It secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon that regulate the way body metabolizes sugar (glucose).

Pancreas has cells that manufacture digestive enzymes and juices. Pancreatic juices flow into the main pancreatic duct, which leads to small intestine (duodenum). The pancreatic duct links up with the tube connecting from gallbladder to form the common bile duct, which later drains into the small intestine. Pancreas also contains small “islands” of cells that secrete the hormones.

When to seek medical advice

See doctor if patient experience an unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain or jaundice. Many problems other than cancer may cause similar signs and symptoms, so doctor will check for these conditions as well as for pancreatic cancer.

Screening and diagnosis

Sensing pancreatic cancer in its initial stages is tough. Signs and symptoms generally don’t appear until the cancer is big or has feast (metastasized) to other tissues. Pancreas is quite unseen — pushed behind abdominal and inside a ring of small intestine — small tumors can’t be seen or touched through routine exams. It can be can be detected by a blood test. But when blood levels are sufficient to be measured, the cancer is no longer in its initial stages. Presently there is no effective screening trial for pancreatic cancer. If doctor doubts pancreatic cancer, patient may have to undergo one or more tests to detect the cancer: viz Ultrasound imaging. Computerized tomography (CT) scans Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatiography (ERCP). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), Biopsy and Laparoscopy.

Complications

Your pancreas produces a number of enzymes that break down food so your body can absorb the nutrients it contains. But pancreatic tumors frequently affect the fabrication of these enzymes. As an outcome, body can’t easily absorb nutrients, which may cause diarrhea or even severe weight loss.

Other complications of pancreatic cancer include:

Problems with glucose metabolism including diabetes.

Jaundice, sometimes with severe itching

Large pancreatic tumors may press on surrounding nerves, leading to back or abdominal pain that may sometimes be severe.

Pancreatic tumors are rarely discovered in the early stages, they often have time to spread to a number of vital organs, including your stomach, spleen, liver, lungs and intestine or to nearby lymph nodes.

Treatment

Treatment for pancreatic cancer depends on the stage and location of the cancer as well as on your age, overall health and personal preferences. Particularly when cancer is progressive, picking a treatment idea is a chief decision, and it’s vital to cautiously estimate choices.

Seeking a second opinion is the best option. This can provide extra facts to help to be more certain about the option you’re considering.

The primary goal of action is always to remove the cancer entirely. When that isn’t possible, the effort may be on stopping the tumor from developing or triggering more harm. In some cases, an approach called palliative care may be best. Palliative care states that treatment meant not at eliminating or slowing the disease but assisting to relieve symptoms and making as relaxed as possible.

Surgical options: The main route to eliminate pancreatic cancer is an operation to take out the tumor. Unfortunately, this is possible only in a small percent of people. Once the cancer has blowout beyond the pancreas to other organs, lymph nodes or blood vessels, surgery is customarily no longer a choice. Operations for pancreatic cancer are complex. The most effective results usually take place when these procedures are done in cancer centers by extremely skilled surgeons.

Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays to terminate cancer cells. Patient may get radiation treatments before or after cancer surgery, often with chemotherapy. Or, doctor may prescribe blend of radiation and chemotherapy treatments when cancer can’t be treated surgically.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Vaccinated into a vein or taken verbally, these drugs travel through bloodstream.

Palliative procedures: If cancer has spread too far to be entirely removed by an operation, the prime goal will be to get rid of signs and symptoms. Treatments that focus on making you more comfortable include Surgical bypass, Stent insertion, Pain management, pancreatic enzyme tablets, and Insulin therapy.

New treatments: Researchers are studying a number of other approaches to treating pancreatic cancer, including Anti-angiogenesis factors, Farnesyl transferase inhibitors, Growth factor inhibitors.

Prevention

Although it’s not always possible to prevent pancreatic cancer, these lifestyle changes may help reduce risk:

• Quit smoking. Cigarette smoke contains carcinogens that can damage the DNA that regulates cell growth. Talk to doctor about the best ways to quit or contact the American Cancer Society or American Lung Association for more information.
• Maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight increases your risk of pancreatic cancer. For lose weight, slow and steady is the healthiest way to reach goals. Aim for no more than 1 to 2 pounds a week. Add 30 minutes or more of aerobic exercise — such as walking, jogging or biking — on most days, and can increase the amount of weight lost.
• Exercise regularly. Experts believe that getting even a moderate amount of exercise every week can cut risk of pancreatic cancer. For overall health, aim for 30 minutes of exercise on most days. If not used to exercising, start out slowly and work up to goal.
• Eat a healthy diet. A diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in animal fat can reduce risk of pancreatic cancer.

Dr. Chalapathy
Professor of General Surgery
Vydehi Hospital
Whitefield, Bangalore – 66
Ph: 080-28413381/2/3/4
www.vims.ac.in

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Brain Cancer (Brain Tumor)

Brain tumors can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous) and can affect children and adults. But whether theyʼre cancerous or not, brain tumors can impact your brain function if they grow large enough to press on surrounding tissues. There are several treatment options for brain tumors.

What is a brain tumor?

A brain tumor is an abnormal growth or mass of cells in or around your brain. Together, spinal tumors and brain tumors are called central nervous system tumors. Brain tumors can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous). Some tumors grow quickly, while others are slow growing. Only about one-third of brain tumors are cancerous. But whether theyʼre cancerous or not, brain tumors can impact brain function and your health if they grow large enough to press on surrounding nerves, blood vessels and tissue. Tumors that develop in your brain are called primary tumors. Tumors that spread to your brain after forming in a different part of your body are called metastatic tumors.

What are the types of brain tumors?

Researchers have identified more than 150 different brain tumors. Healthcare providers categorize primary tumors as glial (composed of glial cells in your brain) or non-glial (developed on or in the structures of your brain, including nerves, blood vessels and glands) and benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Many types of brain tumors can also form in your spinal cord or column.

Usually benign brain tumors

Types of brain tumors that are usually benign include Chordomas, Craniopharyngiomas, Meningiomas, Pituitary tumors and Schwannomas.

Cancerous (malignant) brain tumors

Approximately 78% of cancerous primary brain tumors are gliomas. These tumors develop in glial cells, which surround and assist nerve cells. Types of gliomas include Astrocytomas, Ependymomas, Glioblastomas GBM, Medulloblastomas in children etc

Who do brain tumors affect?

Brain tumors affect children and adults and can develop at any age. Theyʼre slightly more common in males than females. Meningioma, which is usually benign, is the only type of brain tumor thatʼs more common in females. The most serious type of brain tumor is called glioblastoma which is becoming more common among people who are as the general population ages.

How common are primary brain tumors?

Primary brain tumors (tumors that originate in your brain) are uncommon. The International Association of Cancer Registries (IARC) reported that there are over 28,000 cases of brain tumours reported in India each year and more than 24,000 people reportedly die due to brain tumours annually.

How serious are brain tumors?

Brain tumors whether cancerous or not can cause serious problems. This is because your skull is rigid and doesnʼt provide room for the tumor to expand. Also, if a tumor develops near parts of your brain that control vital functions, it may cause symptoms such as: Weakness, Difficulty walking, Problems with balance, Partial or complete loss of vision, Difficulty understanding or using language and Memory issues. Brain tumors can cause problems by: Directly invading and destroying healthy brain tissue, Putting pressure on nearby tissue, Increasing pressure within your skull (intracranial pressure), Causing fluid to build up in your brain, Blocking the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the spaces within your brain, causing those spaces to enlarge.

However, some people have brain tumors that never cause symptoms or grow large enough to compress surrounding tissues.

What are the signs and symptoms of brain tumors?

Some people who have a brain tumor experience no symptoms, especially if itʼs very small. Signs and symptoms of a brain tumor vary depending on the tumorʼs location, size and type. They can include: Headaches that may be more severe in the morning or wake you up at night. Seizures. Difficulty thinking, speaking or understanding language. Personality changes. Weakness or paralysis in one part or one side of your body. Balancing problems or dizziness. Vision issues. Hearing issues. Facial numbness, Nausea or Vomiting, Confusion and disorientation. Itʼs important to see your healthcare provider if youʼre experiencing these symptoms.

What causes brain tumors?

Researchers know brain tumors develop when certain genes on the chromosomes of a cell are damaged and no longer function properly, but they arenʼt sure why this happens. Your DNA in your chromosomes tells cells throughout your body what to do when to grow, when to divide or multiply and/or when to die.

When brain cell DNA changes, it gives your brain cells new instructions. Your body develops abnormal brain cells that grow and multiply faster than normal and sometimes live longer than normal. When that happens, the ever-growing crowd of abnormal cells takes over space in your brain. In some cases, a person may be born with changes in one or more of these genes. Environmental factors, such as exposure to large amounts of radiation from X-rays or previous cancer treatment, may then lead to further damage. In other cases, the environmental injury to the genes may be the only cause. Only about 5% to 10% of people with brain tumors have a family history of a brain tumor.

How are brain tumors diagnosed?

Diagnosing a brain tumor can be a complicated process and may involve several specialists. In some cases, though, healthcare providers may discover a brain tumor when performing imaging tests for another medical issue. If youʼre experiencing symptoms of a brain tumor, your healthcare provider will perform a thorough neurological exam and look for any changes that can point to the part of your brain that may be affected and MRI is usually the next step.

What tests will be done to diagnose a brain tumor?

Healthcare providers use several tests to diagnose a brain tumor, including:

Brain MRI or CT scan: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best imaging test for identifying brain tumors. Computed tomography (CT) is a good alternative if youʼre unable to undergo an MRI. Biopsy: Neurosurgeon may also need to do a biopsy of the tumor (removal of a sample of the tumor for examination under a microscope) to identify the type of tumor and if itʼs cancerous. Spinal tap: using a small needle to remove cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from around your spine. A laboratory examines this fluid to look for cancer cells. Specialized tests: tests that check your blood and cerebrospinal fluid for substances that certain tumors release called Tumor markers. They can also test for gene abnormalities that are characteristic of certain tumors.

How are brain tumors treated?

Brain tumor treatment depends on several factors, including: The tumorʼs location, size and type, The number of tumors, Your age & Your overall health.

Benign (noncancerous) brain tumors can usually be successfully removed with surgery and donʼt usually grow back. It often depends on if your neurosurgeon can safely remove all of the tumor. Treatments that are fairly well tolerated by the brains of adults, such as radiation therapy, may prevent the normal development of a childʼs brain, especially in children younger than age five. Healthcare providers often use a combination of therapies to treat a tumor. Your treatment options might include:

Brain surgery: When possible, neurosurgeons remove the tumor. They work very carefully, sometimes performing surgery when youʼre awake (you wonʼt feel pain), to minimize damage to functional areas of your brain.

Radiation therapy: High doses of X-rays destroy brain tumor cells or shrink the tumor in this type of treatment.

Radiosurgery: This is a type of radiation therapy that uses very focused beams of radiation (gamma rays or proton beams) to destroy a tumor. Itʼs not actually surgery because it doesnʼt require an incision (cut).

Brachytherapy: This is a form of radiation therapy. It involves surgically placing radioactive seeds, capsules or other implants directly in or near the cancerous tumor.

Chemotherapy: This therapy consists of anticancer drugs that kill cancer cells in your brain and throughout your body. You might receive chemotherapy through an injection into a vein or take it as a pill. Your healthcare provider may recommend chemotherapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells left behind or to prevent remaining tumor cells from growing.

Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy, also called biological therapy, is a type of treatment that uses your bodyʼs immune system to fight cancer. The therapy mainly consists of stimulating your immune system to help it do its job more effectively.

Targeted therapy: With this treatment, drugs target specific features in cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Your healthcare provider may recommend targeted therapy if you have trouble tolerating the side effects of chemotherapy, such as fatigue and nausea.

Watchful waiting/active surveillance: If you have a brain tumor thatʼs very small and isnʼt causing symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend closely monitoring the tumor for signs of growth with regular testing. Other treatments that help with symptoms caused by brain tumors include:

Shunts: If the tumor causes pressure within your skull to increase, you may need to have a shunt (a thin piece of tubing) surgically placed in your brain to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid.

Drugs: that can help reduce pressure within your skull. They reduce swelling around the tumor.

Palliative treatment: This is a specialized form of care that provides symptom relief, comfort and support to people living with serious illnesses. It also provides support to caregivers and those impacted by a loved oneʼs condition.

Can brain tumors be prevented?

Unfortunately, you canʼt prevent a brain tumor. You can reduce your risk of developing a brain tumor by avoiding environmental hazards such as smoking and excessive radiation exposure. If you have a first-degree biological relative (sibling or parent) who has been diagnosed with a brain tumor, itʼs important to tell your neurosurgeon. They may recommend genetic counseling to see if you have an inherited genetic syndrome thatʼs associated with brain tumors.

What is the prognosis (outlook) for brain tumors?

The prognosis for people with brain tumors varies greatly. Factors that affect the prognosis include: The tumorʼs type, grade and location. If the whole tumor has been surgically removed. Your age and overall health. In many cases, neurosurgeons can successfully treat a brain tumor. Some people live active and fulfilling lives with brain tumors that donʼt cause symptoms. For some people, brain tumors can recur (return) after treatment. If this happens to you, you may need to continue treatments, including chemotherapy or radiation, to keep the tumor from growing or spreading.

What is the survival rate for brain tumors?

Survival rates are different for each type of brain tumor and vary based on your age, race and overall health. Survival rates are estimates based on averages. The five-year survival rates for meningioma, the most common type of benign (noncancerous) primary brain tumor, are: Over 96% for children ages 14 and under. 97% in people ages 15 to 39. Over 87% in adults 40 and older.

Talk with your Neurosurgeon about what to expect with your diagnosis.

When should I see my Neurosurgeon about my brain tumor?

If you’ve been diagnosed with a brain tumor, youʼll need to see your healthcare team regularly to receive treatment and monitor your symptoms, especially if they get worse or develop new symptoms. Even after brain tumor treatment, you should follow up with your neurosurgeon regularly.

Learning you have a tumor in your brain can be scary and stressful. Not all brain tumors are cancerous though. In fact, about two-thirds of them are benign. However, they can still cause problems for your brain. Know that your healthcare team will develop an individualized and thorough treatment plan to help treat the tumor and improve your quality of life.

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Having a nutritious and balanced diet is the most important way to keep ourselves healthy. This will support and boost our immunity. A healthy lifestyle always helps in building a healthy and immunized body. In specific to our diet, a well-balanced diet may help in reducing the risk of dealing with life threatening diseases like cancer, especially blood cancer.  Blood Cancer is among the common type of cancers that affect people of all age groups, and India stands 3^rd in number when it comes to blood cancer.

Blood cancer usually occurs when DNA is faultily altered. It happens when there is a fault in the development of blood cells, which leads to improper functioning of cells. As per many experts in the field of leukemia (blood cancer), 90% of the types of blood cancer can be cured. And almost 30-35% of people deal with these types of diseases only due to improper diet. This genetically occurring blood infection is among those diseases which can be prevented or delayed if your lifestyle and food patterns are healthy. And a balanced and healthy diet includes all types of nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables, and low-fat proteins, such as fish, lean meats and poultry.

Ways to lower the risk of blood cancer

Genetics and environment, are few risk factors for cancer. These factors cannot be avoided, but as per research about 70% of lifetime cancers can be preventable only through lifestyle changes, such as –

• Proper/right body weight
• Staying hydrated
• Zero usage of tobacco
• Exercising regularly

These changes in lifestyle can play a vital role in having a healthy body. Eating vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, beans, cereals, grains, fish, and unsaturated fats such as olive oil also known as Mediterranean diet, can lower the risk of a variety of common cancers. And this effect is more on people who have a history of cancer in their family.These changes in the long term can bring in a huge impact on health. And for people who are already dealing with cancer, a rich nutritious diet will provide the immunity in them in their challenging times.

One of the other ways to prevent blood cancer is through consuming antioxidants, more specifically plant based foods. These foods have naturally occurring anti-oxidants in them, this will help in boosting your immunity system and help in fighting against cancer cells. Some foods that are rich in anti-oxidants are

• Carrots, Brussels sprouts, and squash
• Broccoli, spinach, and beans (non-starchy vegetables)
• Tomatoes, guava, watermelon lycopene high foods
• Oranges, berries, peas, bell peppers, dark leafy greens and other foods high in vitamin C
• Add ginger, garlic, onion, turmeric and coriander in your foods, this will boost your immunity to fight cancer producing cells.

Avoid practices like :

• Consuming apple juice, instead eat the whole apple
• Trans – fat, fried, foods should be avoided pizza, French fries, fried chicken, cookies, muffins
• Limit the saturated fat based foods like red meat and dairy products
• Consume more unsaturated fats like fish, olive oil, nuts, avocados, flax seeds

It is said that, “a healthy and balanced diet, builds and strengthens a person from their core.” Put a tab on your unhealthy habits, make them occasional and strictly follow a totally nutritional diet. Make sure that your diet includes all the energy and immunity building foods. Follow a proper diet plan, consult a dietician if required.

Ms. Pavithra Raj
Chief Dietician- Columbia Asia Referral Hospital
Yeshwanthpur, Bengaluru.

The post Genetically occurring blood cancer : Lower the risk with change in diet appeared first on Health Vision.