Ahmedabad: Stavya Spine Hospital, a renowned leader in exclusive spine care for over two decades, has introduced the Open Standing Weight Bearing MRI(Manufactured by Esaote SpA Italy) to its suite of advanced diagnostic tools. This innovative technology, designed specifically to meet the unique demands of spine diagnostics, enables imaging in standing, sitting and supine positions, offering new dimensions in evaluating spine conditions. The addition of this tool underscores Stavya’s commitment to ethical care, transparency, and advancing patient outcomes.

Transforming Diagnostics with Open Standing MRI
Unlike conventional MRIs, which require patients to lie flat for higher-resolution imaging, the Open Standing Esaote’s MRI allows for weight-bearing assessments of the spine. This machine is particularly suited to dynamic evaluations of conditions such as scoliosis, degenerative disc disease, and spinal instability. For patients with claustrophobia or anxiety about traditional MRI machines, the Open Standing MRI provides a more comfortable and open environment. Additionally, this technology can also be used to image the knee and hip in weight-bearing positions, offering valuable insights into joint health.

Dr. Mirant Dave, Spine Surgeon at Stavya, explained, “Our diagnostic philosophy is rooted in understanding how the spine functions under real-life conditions. The Open Standing Esaote’s MRI helps us evaluate the behavior of the spine under load, which is invaluable when determining whether a condition requires surgical intervention or can be managed conservatively. This is another step in our mission to deliver ethical, evidence-based care.” The Open Standing MRI is an essential tool for conditions where dynamic, functional imaging is critical.

Advanced Spine Care at Stavya
Stavya Spine Hospital has set itself apart as a center of excellence for spine care, combining cutting-edge technology, expert medical professionals, and a patient-first philosophy. As the only hospital in India exclusively dedicated to spine care, Stavya offers a comprehensive range of advanced treatments and diagnostics:
• Robotics in Spine Surgery: Revolutionizing complex procedures with enhanced precision and minimal risk.
• Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Delivering minimally invasive solutions for faster recovery and reduced discomfort.
• German Advanced Physiotherapy: Employing structured, evidence-based rehabilitation techniques for long-term recovery.
These technologies and techniques have been meticulously integrated into Stavya’s framework to provide a holistic approach to spine care. Every patient’s journey—from diagnosis to treatment and rehabilitation—is tailored to their specific needs, ensuring optimal outcomes and long-term spine health.

Dr. Bharat Dave, Director and Spine Surgeon, remarked, “At Stavya, we have always prioritized integrating the best of technology, talent, and treatment methods to provide our patients with comprehensive spine care. The Open Standing MRI complements this approach, helping us better understand and treat conditions that require dynamic imaging.”

The Team of Experts at Stavya
Stavya Spine Hospital prides itself on its team of highly skilled spine surgeons and physiotherapists who are dedicated to providing the best care. The surgical team includes:
• Dr. Bharat Dave
• Dr. Mirant Dave
• Dr. Ajay Krishnan
• Dr. Hitesh Modi
• Dr. Shivanand Mayi
• Dr. Raviranjan Rai
• Dr. Mukesh Patel
• Dr. Devanand Degulmadi

Together, this team brings decades of experience and expertise in managing complex spine conditions through advanced surgical techniques and ethical decision-making. The team’s collaborative approach ensures every patient receives the most effective care, whether surgical or conservative.

Stavya also boasts a world-class physiotherapy team, led by Dr. Akruti Dave, that works in close coordination with the surgeons to create comprehensive rehabilitation plans. Their focus is on ensuring patients regain optimal mobility and strength, whether recovering from surgery or managing their condition through conservative means.

Physiotherapy and Spine Health Checkups
Physiotherapy is a cornerstone of spine care, and Stavya emphasizes its role in both surgical and non-surgical treatment plans. Tools like the Open Standing MRI are invaluable for understanding a patient’s functional limitations and tailoring rehabilitation programs accordingly.

Dr. Akruti Dave, Head of Physiotherapy, shared, “Physiotherapy plays a vital role in improving patient outcomes. The Open Standing MRI helps us assess the mechanical and functional aspects of the spine more effectively, which is essential in designing personalized recovery plans. It also enhances our ability to help patients who are pursuing conservative care options.”

In addition to rehabilitation, Stavya has introduced Spine Health Checkups, a comprehensive program aimed at early detection and prevention of spine-related issues. The Open Standing MRI plays a central role in these checkups by offering dynamic imaging that uncovers subtle abnormalities and helps guide proactive treatment.
Dr. Akruti Dave added, “Spine Health Checkups are critical for detecting problems early, especially in individuals with sedentary lifestyles, poor posture, or chronic back pain. The Open Standing MRI allows us to offer patients a detailed understanding of their spine health, enabling timely interventions that can prevent further complications.”

Two Decades of Trust and Global Impact
Stavya Spine Hospital has built a legacy of trust over 20 years, treating thousands of patients from across India and the world. Patients turn to Stavya not only for its advanced technology but also for the hospital’s unwavering commitment to ethical, patient-first care.
In addition to its clinical impact, Stavya has been instrumental in training over 100 spine surgeons, many of whom now practice internationally. This focus on education and mentorship has helped Stavya contribute to the global advancement of spine care, ensuring its expertise reaches far beyond the hospital’s walls.

A Vision for the Future: Asia’s Largest Exclusive Spine Hospital
Looking to the future, Stavya is preparing to launch a new Center of Excellence in 2025, which will be the largest exclusive spine hospital in Asia. This landmark facility will expand Stavya’s capabilities, featuring advanced diagnostic and treatment technologies, increased capacity for patient care, and dedicated spaces for research and education. This project underscores Stavya’s ambition to remain at the forefront of spine care globally.
Mrs. Amita Dave, Managing Director, stated, “As we prepare for this new chapter, our focus remains on maintaining the trust of our patients. The Open Standing MRI is more than just a new diagnostic tool—it reflects our values of transparency, ethics, and a commitment to providing the most appropriate care for each individual.”

The Value of Transparency in Diagnostics
At Stavya, transparency is central to its care philosophy. The introduction of the Open Standing MRI is no exception. By openly sharing the specifications and purpose of this tool, Stavya ensures patients understand its role in their diagnostic journey.

Dr. Preety Krishnan, Radiologist, explained, “The Open Standing MRI is an important tool for specific spine conditions that require imaging in natural, weight-bearing positions. It’s ability to provide functional insights into the spine’s behavior is invaluable for certain diagnoses. This transparency helps patients feel confident and informed about their care.”

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The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall bodily functions. However, thyroid disorders are increasingly common, affecting millions worldwide. Nuclear medicine has become a vital tool in both the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid conditions, particularly for conditions like hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, and nodules.

The Role of the Thyroid Gland
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck. It produces hormones—mainly triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)—that regulate various bodily functions, including heart rate, temperature, and metabolic processes. When the thyroid’s function is compromised, it can lead to either an overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism) state, along with other potential complications.

Diagnosis of Thyroid Disorders Using Nuclear Medicine
In nuclear medicine, thyroid imaging typically uses small amounts of radioactive substances to diagnose and assess thyroid health. The two primary imaging techniques used are thyroid scans and uptake tests.

Thyroid Scans
A thyroid scan uses a small dose of a radioactive tracer, which is absorbed by the thyroid gland. A special camera, known as a gamma camera, captures images of the thyroid based on the radioactive material’s distribution. This scan can reveal:
• Nodules: Differentiates between benign and potentially malignant thyroid nodules.
• Size and Shape: Identifies structural abnormalities and helps detect enlarged or abnormally shaped thyroids.
• Hot and Cold Spots: “Hot” spots indicate areas of higher activity, often linked to hyperactive nodules, while “cold” spots suggest non-functioning or potentially malignant nodules.

Thyroid Uptake Test
In a thyroid uptake test, a radioactive iodine pill or liquid is ingested. The thyroid naturally absorbs iodine, so tracking the absorbed amount over a set period provides insights into thyroid activity levels. High iodine uptake is common in hyperthyroidism, while low uptake is indicative of hypothyroidism or other thyroid dysfunctions. This test is particularly effective for diagnosing conditions such as Graves’ disease or toxic multinodular goiter.

Treatment of Thyroid Using Nuclear Medicine
Beyond diagnosis, nuclear medicine offers innovative treatments for thyroid disorders, especially through radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy.
Radioactive Iodine Therapy (RAI)
Radioactive iodine therapy is commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism and certain types of thyroid cancer. Administered in pill or liquid form, radioactive iodine-131 is selectively taken up by thyroid cells, delivering targeted radiation that destroys overactive or malignant cells while minimizing harm to surrounding tissues. Key applications include:
• Hyperthyroidism: RAI effectively reduces thyroid hormone production by shrinking the gland and is often used for conditions like Graves’ disease.
• Thyroid Cancer: After surgical removal of the thyroid, RAI is sometimes administered to eliminate residual cancerous cells and prevent recurrence.
RAI therapy’s effectiveness largely depends on the dose, patient’s condition, and overall health. Most patients require only a single dose, but follow-up treatments are occasionally needed. Side effects are typically mild, though some patients may experience temporary dry mouth, neck tenderness, or fatigue.

Benefits of RAI Therapy
• Minimally Invasive: RAI therapy is non-surgical and relatively painless, allowing patients to return to daily activities soon after treatment.
• High Success Rate: Studies show high success rates in achieving remission for hyperthyroidism and certain thyroid cancers.
• Targeted Treatment: Since the thyroid naturally absorbs iodine, the radioactive iodine selectively targets thyroid tissue, minimizing radiation exposure to the rest of the body.

Safety and Risks of Nuclear Medicine in Thyroid Health
While nuclear medicine procedures for thyroid health are generally safe, they are not without some risks. However, the doses of radioactive substances used in diagnosis and treatment are carefully controlled to minimize potential adverse effects. Some considerations include:
• Exposure to Radiation: Though radiation exposure is minimal, patients undergoing RAI therapy are advised to take temporary precautions to limit radiation exposure to others.
• Long-Term Monitoring: Patients treated for thyroid cancer or with high doses of RAI may require follow-up care to monitor for potential long-term effects.
The benefits of early and accurate diagnosis, combined with the targeted effectiveness of nuclear treatments, often outweigh these risks, making nuclear medicine an essential approach to managing thyroid health.

Future Advances in Nuclear Medicine for Thyroid Health
With ongoing advancements in nuclear medicine technology, new techniques and tracers are being developed to improve the accuracy of thyroid diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatments. Molecular imaging advancements, for instance, hold the potential to detect thyroid issues at even earlier stages, helping to prevent disease progression.

Additionally, new therapies and isotopes under investigation aim to reduce side effects while enhancing therapeutic efficacy, promising an even brighter future for nuclear medicine in managing thyroid health.

From early detection of nodules to life-saving treatments for thyroid cancer, nuclear medicine continues to make strides in supporting thyroid health. As technology evolves, these techniques are only expected to become safer and more effective, making nuclear medicine a cornerstone in the field of thyroid care.

Dr. Murali R. Nadig
Dr. Murali R. Nadig, a leading name in Nuclear Medicine – PET/CT, is the Medical Director of NewMedd Diagnostics in Bangalore and Chief Advisor for Nuclear Medicine – PET/CT. He holds a medical degree from Mysore and a postgraduate degree from the prestigious AIIMS, specializing in Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear Cardiology, PET/CT, Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Cancer, and Radio Nuclear Therapies. He founded Karnataka’s first Nuclear Medicine – PET/CT Diagnostic Center and has dedicated his time to advancing nuclear medicine and PET/CT diagnostics.

For more information, please contact:
NewMedd Diagnostics
Bengaluru
No. 110, KH Road (Double Road), Land Mark: Next to Suzuki Show Room, Sudhama Nagara, Bengaluru – 560027  Ph: 080-2222 4050 / 94812 12244
Mysuru
No 59, 3rd main, Behind Akashavani, Yadavagiri, Mysuru – 20
Ph 70268 22682 / 70267 22672

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Anxiety is usually seen as the body’s response to stress. It could be seen as ways of fear, restlessness, or worry building within you to tackle the perceived threat naturally. It is natural for everyone to get anxious, which lasts for a brief time. However, it has been observed frequently that certain people show extreme or prolonged anxiousness, not being able to cope with daily activities in life, leading to adverse effects.

How effective is Homeopathy?
Homeopathy Treatment has proven to be quite effective along different issues, and Anxiety is no different. Homeopathy for Anxiety remedies follows a structured approach to cure Anxiety. The ingredients used in Homeopathy medicine for Anxiety are extracted from the best of nature’s lap, which makes them extremely safe without any side effects. Homeopathy for Anxiety can treat anxieties of varying intensities as well. The highlighting aspect of homeopathy medicines for Anxiety is that these work by understanding the depth of psychology and emotions of the affected individuals, thereby bringing a complete recovery and an overall improvement in the health condition. Being made of natural ingredients, the risk of drug dependency is eliminated. Moreover, homeopathic medicines are also helpful in treating panic attacks and anger. Homeopathy for Anxiety and anger is thus a tried and tested treatment method.

Causes 
The exact causes of Anxiety and anxiety-related disorders cannot be pinpointed. Still, it is found that some genetic factors along with some outside environmental factors or a combination of both contribute to the causes of Anxiety.
• Extreme Stress
• Unpleasant situations where one cannot cope with the loss
• Substance abuse or withdrawal symptoms from alcohol or some particular drugs.
• Medical disorders such as thyroid issues, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and degenerative brain diseases

Symptoms 
Certain symptoms indicate Anxiety or any of the anxiety-related disorders:
• Extreme nervousness
• Too much worrying
• Excessive tension
• Restlessness
• Trembling
• Trouble sleeping
• Palpitations
• Excess sweating
• Mild to moderate headache
• Difficulty in concentrating
• Frequent urination
• Nausea
Suppose one or a multiple of these symptoms show prolonged or critical effects on your normal functioning. Anxiety and Anxiety-related disorders can be cured using an effective combination of Homeopathy medicine.

Dr Gayathri Vadapalli
Savi Bindu
Homeopathy & Aesthetics Clinic
Ph : +91 96119 96600 / 96119 96611
Ph: +91 80 7965 7776
www.savibindu.com

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Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, often affecting the feet, is a common problem among individuals with diabetes. This condition can lead to Lower Extremity Peripheral (LEP) issues, which refer to problems in the lower limbs due to nerve damage, poor circulation, or other complications related to diabetes.
1. Diabetic Neuropathy
Symptoms: Numbness, tingling, or pain in the legs and feet.
Impact: Loss of sensation increases the risk of injuries, which may go unnoticed and lead to ulcers or infections.
2. Poor Circulation
Symptoms: Cold feet, slow-healing wounds, and pain while walking.
Impact: Poor blood flow can lead to chronic wounds, increasing the risk of infections and even amputations.
3. Foot Ulcers
Causes: Pressure points, poor fitting shoes, or unnoticed injuries due to neuropathy.
Impact: Untreated ulcers can become infected, leading to more severe complications.
4. Infections
Causes: Injuries or ulcers can easily become infected due to compromised immune function in diabetics.
Impact: Infections can spread, sometimes leading to the need for surgical intervention or amputation.
5. Charcot Foot
What It Is: A condition where the bones in the foot weaken and fracture, but due to neuropathy, the person may not feel pain.
Impact: This can lead to foot deformities, making walking difficult and increasing the risk of ulcers.

Management and Prevention:
• Blood Sugar Control: Keeping blood sugar levels in check is crucial to prevent or slow the progression of these problems.
• Regular Foot Checks: Diabetics should inspect their feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or changes in skin colour.
• Proper Footwear: Wearing well-fitting shoes that protect the feet and provide adequate support is essential.
• Prompt Treatment of Injuries: Even minor injuries should be treated immediately to prevent complications.

These issues underscore the importance of preventive care and early intervention for individuals with diabetes.
• Leg Exercise: Swing your legs up and down 300 times, three times a day while sitting in a chair. This exercise can help reduce leg problems.
• Green Juice Therapy: Blend easily available greens (such as moringa, coriander leaves, curry leaves) with one spoon each of flaxseed and black sesame seeds in a glass of water. Drink this juice on an empty stomach in the morning. This can help control blood sugar levels and alleviate leg burning and other related problems.
• Fruits: Incorporate fruits like watermelon, apple, pomegranate, mosambi, muskmelon and papaya into your diet, but avoid banana, sapota, mango, jackfruit.

These fruits provide essential nutrients, aid in diabetes control, and strengthen the legs. Adding cinnamon powder to your diet can also help control diabetes.
• Gooseberry: Consuming gooseberries is highly beneficial for managing diabetes.
• High Water Content Vegetables: Include vegetables with high water content, such as cucumber and radish, in your diet.
• Wheat Grass: Consuming wheat grass or its fresh juice for three months can reduce leg inflammation and other leg-related issues.
• Cinnamon: This remedy is useful for diabetes control as it increases the body’s insulin levels.
• Nuts: Eating walnuts and other nuts in large quantities is beneficial for health. The magnesium in walnuts is especially useful for diabetic patients.
• Flaxseed: Flaxseeds are helpful in controlling diabetes.
• Ginger: Ginger acts as a pain reliever and is effective in alleviating leg pain.
• Groundnuts: Incorporate cooked or raw groundnuts(legumes) into your diet.
• Sprouts: Eating chickpeas, red chickpeas, and other sprouts is beneficial for diabetics.
• Fenugreek and Buttermilk: Combine fenugreek with buttermilk for added benefits.
• Sesame Seeds: High consumption of black and white sesame seeds can improve the health of diabetics.
• Green Tea: Green tea, with optional additions like lemon juice, ginger, and cinnamon powder, can be effective.
• Bitter Gourd Juice: Drink half a glass of bitter gourd juice every morning to help control blood sugar levels and address issues like foot burning and leg swelling.

Home Remedies:

Triphala and Amruthaballi(Giloy): Mix half a spoonful of triphala powder with an equal amount of Amruthaballi in heated skimmed milk. Stir well and drink daily. This can help control blood sugar levels. Plain milk can also be consumed after this mixture.

Almond and Watermelon Seed Paste: Grind two almonds, half a teaspoon of watermelon seeds, and one cardamom (shelled). Add one spoon each of gray gourd and mountain gooseberry paste, and mix with water. Drink this twice daily, an hour before or after meals, to manage diabetes and alleviate leg problems.

Jesthamadhu and Shatavari: Boil half a spoon of Jesthamadhu powder, equal amounts of Shatavari powder, and a little Ashwagandha powder in water for 5 minutes on low heat. Drink daily for 30 days to see positive results and support overall health.
By incorporating these remedies into your routine, you can manage diabetes more effectively and address issues like leg burning, swelling, and pain.

Dr Venkataramana Hegde

Veda Wellness Center
Nisarga Mane, Sirsi
Uttarakannada District
Ph:9448729434

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Stroke is a leading cause of disability and the fourth leading cause of death globally. In India alone, approximately 1.8 million people suffer from stroke annually, with incidence rates rising nearly 100% in recent decades. Shockingly, it’s estimated that a quarter of the world’s population over the age of 25 will experience a debilitating stroke in their lifetime. According to the World Health Organization’s 2020 data, stroke deaths in India accounted for 8.23% of total deaths, reaching 697,038.

Understanding Stroke:

There are two primary types of stroke: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes, the most common, occur when a major blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked. On the other hand, hemorrhagic strokes result from the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.

Identifying Risk Factors:

Risk factors for stroke can be categorized as modifiable and non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, and high red blood cell count. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, race, gender, family history, and prior history of stroke.

Recognizing Stroke Symptoms:

Early detection of stroke symptoms is crucial. The “BEFAST” acronym is a helpful guide:

B for Balance: Is there a loss of coordination or balance?
E for Eyes: Is there trouble seeing with one or both eyes?
F for Face: Ask the person to smile – does one side of the face appear droopy?
A for Arms: Is there weakness in one arm? Ask the person to raise both arms – does one drift down?
S for Speech: Are there speech difficulties, such as slurring or trouble forming words?
T for Time: Time is critical in stroke care. If any of these symptoms are present, even if transient, seek emergency assistance immediately.

Immediate Steps:

Every minute counts during a stroke, as 1.9 million neurons die each minute. Upon arrival at the hospital, brain imaging is conducted to determine the type of stroke. If it’s an ischemic stroke and the patient arrives within 4.5 hours, clot-busting drugs called thromolytics may be administered if not contraindicated. Mechanical thrombectomy, which involves removing a clot blocking a major brain vessel, may be performed within 6 hours of the last known normal condition, and in carefully selected cases, up to 24 hours.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA):

Even if symptoms resolve within minutes, it’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Such symptoms may indicate a transient ischemic attack (TIA), often a precursor to a full stroke. TIAs serve as a warning sign, with approximately one in three individuals who experience a TIA going on to have a stroke, often within a year. Prompt evaluation and treatment are essential, particularly for individuals with risk factors such as atrial fibrillation or significant arterial blockages.

In summary, stroke care during the critical “golden hour” demands rapid recognition, swift action, and comprehensive medical intervention to minimize long-term disability and prevent fatalities.

Dr Surbhi Chaturvedi
Consultant Neurologist and Stroke Specialist
Ph: 9887257514

Dr Santosh H
Consultant Neurologist and Pediatric Neueologist
Ph: 9148978666

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Brain tumor is an abnormal growth of the brain cells. The extra growth inside the brain can exert pressure on the skull, causing life-threatening complications. However, not all brain tumors are malignant. Some can be non-cancerous, benign or harmless masses of cancerous cells that mainly target the structural tissue of the brain. It can start either in the brain, or cancer elsewhere in the body can spread to the brain.

According to WHO guidelines brain tumors are categorized into four grades based on the intensity and abnormality of the cells.
• GRADE 1: Cells look benign and grow slowly; survival of the patient is likely.
• GRADE 2: Cells look slightly abnormal. The tumor grows slowly and may spread to other tissues.
• GRADE 3: Cells look abnormal. The tumor grows aggressively and tends to recur.
• GRADE 4: The cells look abnormal and spread quickly. Tumour could be life-threatening.

Warning signs and symptoms of brain tumor
Depending on the type, location, and stage of the tumor, it can cause both physical and mental symptoms. Some of the commonly observed signs and symptoms of brain tumors are:
Unusual headache – Headache can be a common symptom. If someone is experiencing an unusual headache, especially a new one that feels localized to a specific part of the head it could be an early indication of a brain tumor. The headache tends to be more severe in the morning. A brain tumor increases the pressure inside the skull, which can lead to inflammation and tissue damage. Hence, severe, persistent headaches can occur. If there are changes in the frequency or intensity of the headaches, one must consult a doctor.

Seizures – They are one of the most common symptoms of brain tumors. The seizures occur when the brain’s normal patterns of electrical impulses are disrupted. It is reported that brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTE) is common in low- and high-grade gliomas. The risk of seizures varies between 60% and 100% among low-grade gliomas and between 40% and 60% in glioblastomas.

Memory loss, Speech difficulties and hearing loss – Brain tumors can affect the stages of creating, storing and recalling of memory. Retrograde amnesia, a state where one can’t recall memories that were formed before the event that caused the amnesia and anterograde amnesia, where one can’t form new memories after the event that caused the amnesia can occur in people with brain tumor. A brain tumor can affect the communication capabilities of a person and can cause difficulties in uttering or producing sounds, finding the correct word, and understanding what others are saying. It can also have an impact on reading and writing. Also, the pressure exerted by a tumor on surrounding nerves may cause hearing loss and imbalance.

Weakness in the hands and legs – Weakness or numbness in the face, arms or legs is a common occurrence in brain tumors. It is caused by brain tumors located in the frontal lobes or the brainstem. Weakness in one foot/leg or both feet/legs can cause difficulty in walking. Hence, one may experience loss of balance while walking.

Sudden shifts in mood or personality – Mood changes are commonly associated with brain tumors located in the frontal lobe. This part of the brain is highly involved in regulating personality and behaviour and it also helps controls a person’s behavior and emotions. Sudden mood change can be seen in persons whose pituitary gland has been affected by tumors. It can cause the gland to under-or overproduce hormones, leading to an hormonal imbalance. Getting to know about one’s diagnosis of brain tumor can greatly affect the mental and emotional state.

When to see a doctor?
The above symptoms are a clear indication that one must immediately seek medical help. Upon diagnosis and conducting a range of neurological tests, your doctor will be able to identify and tell you what’s causing the symptoms. If diagnosed with a tumor, one can identify the types and follow the doctor’s advice. Always remember that early diagnosis and treatment are important to help prevent the tumor from growing.

Dr. Ravi Gopal Varma
Neurosciences,  Bengaluru

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People of all age groups develop symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). RLS is a neurological condition that causes an irresistible urge to move the legs. It is a chronic condition, that can last for years or be lifelong. The symptoms may begin in childhood or adulthood, however, older adults tend to suffer severely. It is one of the common disorders affecting more than 10 million cases per year in India. According to research, the prevalence of RLS in a South Indian urban population is 2.1%.

How does it interfere with quality of life (sleep and fatigue)?
People usually experience pulling, tingling and pain feelings while sitting or lying down which get worst at night. Sometimes, the symptoms become unbearable and in severe cases, it can affect the arms or other parts of the body in addition to the legs. The unpleasant feelings and the resulting need to move the legs often make it difficult for a person with RLS to fall asleep or stay asleep. Over time, it can affect the quality and amount of sleep which can lead to the development of mood swings, depression, or other health problems hindering the quality of life as well.

RLS is a partially heritable disorder more prevalent in women than in men. The presence of low iron content despite a normal hemoglobin, having high estrogen levels in women can influence dopamine and glutamate transmission, making them more vulnerable to this condition. Women are also more prone to have migraine, depression, and anxiety. These conditions can contribute to the development of RLS in women.

Pregnant women more likely to get RLS
Pregnant women are at the risk. This may be contributed to the low serum iron and ferritin level, and high estrogen level during pregnancy. Studies have found that the prevalence of RLS among pregnant women ranged from 10 to 34%. It is RLS usually associated with a number of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and increased incidence of Cesarean sections. RLS is also more commonly in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those on haemodialysis. Anaemia, iron deficiency or high calcium levels in the blood are some of the factors that can cause RLS or worsen the symptoms.

Treatment:
RLS is a lifelong condition. The condition can be managed effectively with proper treatment. Self-care steps, lifestyle changes or medication may help. Movement, such as kicking, stretching, rubbing, or pacing, make the discomfort go away, at least temporarily. In severe conditions, medicines are prescribed. Basis your condition and severity, the doctor will be able to diagnose and provide a proper treatment plan.

A simple change in lifestyle works for those with mild symptoms.
• Getting moderate, regular exercise may relieve symptoms of RLS.
• One can also use soak the legs in warm water and give massages.
• Establish good sleep hygiene;
• have a regular sleep time and sleep in a cool, quiet, comfortable sleeping environment
• avoid caffeine.

Dr. Anuradha H K
Consultant Neurology

The post Restless Leg Syndrome – restless & irresistible urge to move legs appeared first on Health Vision.

People of all age groups develop symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). RLS is a neurological condition that causes an irresistible urge to move the legs. It is a chronic condition, that can last for years or be lifelong. The symptoms may begin in childhood or adulthood, however, older adults tend to suffer severely. It is one of the common disorders affecting more than 10 million cases per year in India. According to research, the prevalence of RLS in a South Indian urban population is 2.1%.

How does it interfere with quality of life (sleep and fatigue)?
People usually experience pulling, tingling and pain feelings while sitting or lying down which get worst at night. Sometimes, the symptoms become unbearable and in severe cases, it can affect the arms or other parts of the body in addition to the legs. The unpleasant feelings and the resulting need to move the legs often make it difficult for a person with RLS to fall asleep or stay asleep. Over time, it can affect the quality and amount of sleep which can lead to the development of mood swings, depression, or other health problems hindering the quality of life as well.

RLS is a partially heritable disorder more prevalent in women than in men. The presence of low iron content despite a normal hemoglobin, having high estrogen levels in women can influence dopamine and glutamate transmission, making them more vulnerable to this condition. Women are also more prone to have migraine, depression, and anxiety. These conditions can contribute to the development of RLS in women.

Pregnant women more likely to get RLS
Pregnant women are at the risk. This may be contributed to the low serum iron and ferritin level, and high estrogen level during pregnancy. Studies have found that the prevalence of RLS among pregnant women ranged from 10 to 34%. It is RLS usually associated with a number of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and increased incidence of Cesarean sections. RLS is also more commonly in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those on haemodialysis. Anaemia, iron deficiency or high calcium levels in the blood are some of the factors that can cause RLS or worsen the symptoms.

Treatment:
RLS is a lifelong condition. The condition can be managed effectively with proper treatment. Self-care steps, lifestyle changes or medication may help. Movement, such as kicking, stretching, rubbing, or pacing, make the discomfort go away, at least temporarily. In severe conditions, medicines are prescribed. Basis your condition and severity, the doctor will be able to diagnose and provide a proper treatment plan.

A simple change in lifestyle works for those with mild symptoms.
• Getting moderate, regular exercise may relieve symptoms of RLS.
• One can also use soak the legs in warm water and give massages.
• Establish good sleep hygiene;
• have a regular sleep time and sleep in a cool, quiet, comfortable sleeping environment
• avoid caffeine.

Dr. Anuradha H K
Consultant Neurology, Bengaluru

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1. The country has several risk factors for stroke that are unique to young Indian people.

2. Food fortification with folic acid and vitamin b12 will help prevent brain stroke in vegetarian population in India.

Brain stroke has long been considered a disease of the elderly, but recent data suggests it is now commonly occurring in young population in India as well. The occurrence of stroke in young adults is particularly concerning as these patients in the prime of their life are often affected by physical disability, depression, cognitive impairment, and loss of productivity, all of which have serious personal, social, and economic implications.

Rising incidence of stroke:

Stroke is the second most common cause of death and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined in the world. So, it is a matter of serious concern that it is no longer a disease of the elderly in our country. A hospital-based study from India has shown that the proportion of strokes in young people now ranges from 15-30%. In another population-based study in the country, 8.8% of total stroke patients were found to belong to the younger age group.

The traditional risk factors of brain stroke include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia (a condition in which blood has too many lipids or fats, like cholesterol and triglycerides). However, there are several other risk factors that are unique to the young Indian population, according to the doctor.

Hyperhomocysteinaemia, a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of homocysteine in the blood, is often found in people with vitamin b12 deficiency. This is one of the risk factors for stroke. Considering the large vegetarian population in India with inadequate intake of vitamin b12, this risk factor for stroke is quite significant. Many studies have published data suggesting that vitamin b12 therapy helps lower homocysteine levels in an individual. This provides a strong case for stroke prevention through food fortification with folic acid and vitamin b12 in vegetarian population.

Common cause of stroke

Cardioembolic stroke is the most common cause of stroke in young people in India. In this, a blood clot arises in the heart, travels to the brain and blocks an artery, leading to a stroke. This often happens due to heart conditions such as rheumatic heart disease. Two rare disorders of the blood vessels, Moya Moya disease and Takayasu’s arteritis, are also more frequently seen in Asian countries, including India, and can cause a stroke. Infectious disorders like tuberculosis and syphilis may also lead to a stroke. These are still prevalent in many south-east Asian countries like India.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), a rare type of stroke, is also more common in India. In a study, CVT was found to be 12 times more common in India than in the Western population! In a hospital-based study from India, CVT was reported in 16.3% of total strokes in young, which is higher than other reported studies all over the world. Also, the incidence of CVT is higher in females during pregnancy or the postpartum period. This gender bias is more important for the Indian population where access to healthcare for females, especially those who are pregnant, is poor, especially in rural areas.

Stroke in children:

Stroke may also occur in children. The risk factors for pediatric stroke in India are different from developed countries. Lack of adequate oxygen before or after birth (hypoxia), along with infection-related disorders affecting arteries in the brain, are some of the leading causes of stroke in Indian children. Sadly, two-thirds of children surviving stroke go on to develop a neurological disability.

There is an urgent need to do more population-based studies regarding stroke in India to know the exact prevalence, etiology, and incidence rates, he added.

Dr. Sanjay Pandey

Head, Dept. of Neurology,

Amrita Hospital, Faridabad.

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Stroke is the leading cause of death and functional impairment accounting to a major burden of global non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of stroke in India varies in different regions of the country and ranges from 40-270 per 100000 population. It has been found that around 12% of people affected with stroke come under the age group above 40yrs. The present study was done by Amrita Hospital, Kochi to assess the knowledge of stroke risk factors and symptoms among stroke patients and bystanders.

The study was conducted in-patients of stroke medicine department from October 2020 to April 2021. A total of 91 patients participated in the survey.Patients diagnosed with current and recurrent stroke of age > 18 years were recruited.Among the 91 patients, 56 (61.5%) of them were male and 35 (38.5%) of them were female.

Sharing some insights from the study, Dr.Vivek Nambiar, Head of Division of Stroke Medicine, Neurology, Amrita Hospital, Kochi.“Kerala being a state with high literacy rate, it is alarming that around 87.5% of the study populationis still unaware about stroke symptoms which results in high morbidity and mortality.Even though most of the patients (90%) were taken to the hospital, we found that awareness of stroke symptoms and risk factors was low in both the stroke patients and bystanders causes delay in hospitalization which further adds on to the complexity of the condition. Stroke awareness is not proportionately good with the state’s high education levels.A very important point which we always emphasize being doctor is that there is NO first aid for stroke. Take the patient immediately to hospital with availability of CT facility.”

Sharing more details from the study, Dr.Vivek, said, “In India, the prevalence of stroke in the young is proportionately high compared with the western population.Despite the implementation of specialized stroke units and thrombolytic therapy, the public remains uninformed about strokes, and only few stroke patients seek hospital care in terms of arriving at time to receive treatment. So, the main purpose behind the study was to evaluate the awareness of public regarding the management of stroke and in attaining sudden medical attention in those who shows signs and symptoms of stroke. Patients and bystanders were explained about the importance of seeking immediate medical attention and the efficient use of thrombolytic therapy when the patient is brought within the right time window. The timely implementation and success of stroke management greatly depends on the public knowledge about stroke, particularly individuals at high risk and their caregivers which necessitates the importance of improving public knowledge about stroke.”

 Red alert symptoms which everyone must know for stroke is transient speech difficulty and transient leg and hand weakness which improves completely. Apart from red alert, regular checkups/tests like Doppler test and keep a check on the health of heart to look for Atrial fibrillation, is also recommended by experts. If someone has any sort of these lifestyle diseases like -Elevated blood pressure, Diabetes, Certain heart diseases like Atrial Fibrillation, High blood cholesterol, Poor Diet and nutrition, Obesity,Smoking and Alcohol consumption. Important is to spread as much awareness as possible to save lives and educate people.

Widespread awareness about stroke symptoms and the importance of receiving early medical attention within the first few hours after stroke onset is very necessary to minimise the disability due to stroke and maximise the quality of life. The results from the current survey showed that the general awareness of stroke is very minimal among stroke patients and family members.

This points the urgent need for enhanced public awareness efforts to improve the treatment and outcome of stroke patients. The healthcare provider starting from the primary care physicians should provide structured interventions to increase awareness and knowledge about stroke in public. Implementation of awareness programs is imperative in order to improve the awareness and management of stroke.

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