Medical institutions are sources of knowledge, faculties, and healing. These institutions must adhere to numerous legal stipulations, including the constitution’s mandates, labour laws, and policy regulations. Whether knowingly or unknowingly, the non-compliance with the law often leads to disputes, regulatory actions, and loss of reputation for medical institutions.
Constitutional Foundations: Medical Institutional Rights
The legal foundations of medical institutions are determined by constitutional values. The Constitution is a key source of protection for the staff of medical institutions through its Articles 14, 19, and 21. These articles guarantee equality of treatment by the law, the liberty to practice one’s profession and the right to live and work with dignity. The judiciary has progressively interpreted Article 21 to embrace the right to work in a safe environment and to be protected from exploitation, making constitutional protections available to health workers and staff of the institution.
The recent court decisions have given a boost to the medical workers’ employment rights and their working conditions. In the case of Federation of Resident Doctors’ Association v. Union of India, W.P.(C) No. 683/2021, the Supreme Court admitted that resident doctors had to endure very heavy and dangerous working conditions, especially during public health emergencies, and that the right to life under Article 21 would not be complete without safe, secure, and human duty hours. The same ruling was given in the case of Dr. Ayesha Mir v. State of Jammu & Kashmir, WP(C) No. 2707/2019, where the J&K High Court declared that the prohibition or tardiness of stipend to resident doctors was arbitrary and an infringement of Articles 14 and 21, thus assuring that resident doctors, albeit being in the training phase, do have rights to fair compensation and comfortable working conditions.
Faculty Rights and Institutional Accountability
Medical institutions recruit faculty following the conditions of service, rules, and guidelines that are established by medical councils and accrediting bodies. Legal problems often arise from dismissals that are not supported by reasons, denial of promotion, excessive workload, or without following the proper procedure. In T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002), the Supreme Court granted educational institutions their independence. However, it made clear that such independence is not a legal shield for the committing of unfair labour practices. The courts have established the requirement that the principles of natural justice be observed for faculty members at all times.
Legal Status: Rights of Medical Students and Residents
Medical students and resident doctors possess a unique legal status. They can be both learners and health care providers at the same time. The Supreme Court of India, during the Dr Pradeep Jain v. Union of India case (1984), recognised that the medical education must follow fairness, merit, and non-discrimination principles. At the same time, the courts have granted some benefits to the residents by granting them the right to have good working conditions and timely salaries. The UGC Regulations make it mandatory for medical institutions to take drastic measures against ragging and provide students and resident doctors with a safe and dignified academic environment. The institutions have to form anti-ragging committees and take disciplinary action against the culprits. The courts have acknowledged that ragging is an infringement of the right to life and dignity under Article 21. The institutions face the consequences of legal actions on the part of the authorities and institutional liability if they fail to comply with the regulations. Additionally, the POSH Act, 2013, mandates medical institutions to offer a safe and harassment-free environment for females in all aspects of the workplace, including teachers, residents, students and health care staff. It requires the establishment of an Internal Complaints Committee and the adoption of fair and time-bound inquiry processes.
Healthcare Workers: Employment Rights
Apart from the professors and students, medical institutions have a great number of nurses, technicians, and administrative workers as their staff. These workers have rights guaranteed to them by the labour laws that regulate the minimum payment, provident fund, gratuity, and occupational safety. If the laws are not followed, there will be inspections, penalties, and collective lawsuits as consequences. In such a situation, healthcare regulatory compliance lawyers have a key function in making sure that hospitals’ employment practices are in line with the statutory requirements and accreditation norms. The courts have consistently stated that hospitals cannot escape their labour obligations by wrongly classifying workers as contractual or trainees without a strong legal foundation.
Medical Negligence and Institutional Liability
Medical negligence not only affects patient rights but also the rights of faculty members, resident doctors and medical staff in terms of job and service. Courts have decided that a single medical practitioner cannot be punished for the system-wide or institutionally caused problems like poor facilities, not enough staff, or too long working hours. The Supreme Court delivered the verdict in Jacob Mathew v. State of Punjab, (2005) 6 SCC 1, that the evaluation of negligence must consider the medical standards and criminal prosecution needs to establish gross negligence. Therefore, any disciplinary or penal actions against faculty and residents must be in line with due process and natural justice. Hospitals may be liable for their staff’s mistakes if such mistakes are caused by poor policies, supervision, or training. In an effort to prevent such risks, most institutions will hire a medical malpractice defence law firm and at the same time, they will work on improving their internal protocols, training systems, and documentation practices.
Research Ethics and Pharmaceutical Regulation
The faculties engaged in clinical trials, pharmaceutical research, and academic partnerships are working under very tight and strict control of the regulations. It is a must to comply with drug laws, get approvals from ethics committees, and meet the requirements for informed consent. In case of violations of the regulations, the investigators might face not only suspension of their research activities but also personal liability. Medical institutions are getting more dependent on pharmaceutical regulatory legal services for the purpose of navigating the approvals, audits, and compliance obligations. The dependency is particularly true where the research intersects with employment duties and academic accountability.
Preventive Legal Governance
Preventive legal governance is increasingly recognised as essential to institutional stability. Clear service rules, transparent evaluation mechanisms, student handbooks, and robust grievance redressal systems significantly reduce disputes. Institutions seeking legal advisory for hospitals and wellness centres are increasingly adopting preventive compliance strategies rather than reactive litigation models.
Conclusion
The rights of faculty, students, and staff are the basic elements of governance in medical institutions. The invisible legal ladder that supports these rights is a very complicated mix of constitutional principles, legislative protections, regulatory requirements, and court decisions. Medical institutions that do not acknowledge this ladder are open to lawsuits, and their ethical standards may be compromised. On the other hand, such institutions that make legal compliance part of their operating culture will become more trusted, professional, and resilient in the long run, while at the same time making sure that the healthcare delivered is both ethical and legal.

Adv. Varun Singh
Founder & Managing Partner, Foresight Law Offices India

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Now that the NEET results are out, many students and parents are facing the important decision of choosing the right medical course for a successful future, in the rush toward conventional medical courses like MBBS and BDS, many students overlook Homeopathy which has the immense potential.
A career in Homeopathy begins with a BHMS (Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery) degree, which equips students with deep clinical knowledge, patient management skills, and the ability to diagnose and treat a wide range of illnesses. What sets this path apart is not just its growing popularity across India and abroad, but the meaningful impact it allows practitioners to have on people’s lives—naturally, gently, and effectively. For students who have a passion for healing, empathy for others, Homeopathy can be a fulfilling and respected choice.

Why Choose Homeopathy as a Career?
• Personal Fulfilment – Create real change in people’s lives through the gentle, powerful healing of Homeopathy—where nature meets medicine with purpose.
• Rising Global Demand– The World Health Organization (WHO) has acknowledged Homeopathy as the Second most popular System of Medicine in the world. As the demand for non-invasive, holistic, and patient-centered treatment methods is growing, people are turning away from conventional drugs and Homeopathy stands out as their trusted and effective alternative.
• Diverse Career Options – From clinical practice to pharma, academia to entrepreneurship.
• Respected Profession in India and abroad – Supported by the Ministry of AYUSH, and integrated into public healthcare.
• Work-Life Balance – With flexible practice models and a calmer work environment, homeopathy offers a rewarding career that supports both personal well-being and professional growth.

Academic Pathway
To become a qualified homeopathic practitioner in India (and many other countries), one should have bachelor’s degree in Homeopathy -BHMS.
• BHMS (Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery) – a 5.5-year undergraduate program including 1 year of internship.
• MD (Homeopathy) – a 3-year postgraduate course for specialization.
• Short-term certification or diploma courses (for practitioners or allied health professionals).
• PhD (Homeopathy)

Higher education opportunities after BHMS
A BHMS degree opens the door to endless opportunities—there’s no limit to how far you can go in higher education and your career.”
Here’s a list of popular courses and further studies you can pursue after BHMS degree to advance your career:
1. Postgraduate Degree Courses (MD in Homeopathy: (3 years) — post graduation is offered in seven specializations which include: Practice of Medicine, Paediatrics, Psychiatry, Homeopathic Pharmacology, Materia medica, Repertory, Organon of Medicine and Homeopathic Philosophy.
Several universities across India offer PhD programs for students who have completed their MD in Homeopathy.
2. MSc (Master of Science) courses: After BHMS degree, one can pursue courses like MSc in Medical Anatomy, Biochemistry, Clinical Psychology, Public Health etc.
Many of my students have completed MSc degrees in Anatomy and Biochemistry and are now teaching MBBS students at reputed medical colleges.
3. MBA/MHA: Most popular Courses include- Master of Public Health (MPH), MBA- Healthcare management, MBA-Hospital administration, MBA -Pharmaceutical management, Master of Hospital administration (MHA) etc.
4. PG diploma courses: PG diplomas in subjects of Hospital & health care management; Social and preventive Medicine; Food & Nutrition; Diabetes (PGDM); child, adolescent and family counselling; Health science research etc are often sought by students after completion of BHMS degree.
Reputed universities and institutions like Apollo Group, Manipal University, Kerala University of Health sciences (KUHS), Maharashtra University of Health Sciences (MUHS), Annamalai university-Tamil Nadu, IGNOU (New Delhi), NTR Health university and Sri Satya Sai Institute of Higher learning -Andhra Pradesh, Punjab university, and many more universities in India and abroad are offering MSc, MBA, PG dip and other courses related to Health sciences to Homeopathy students.

Job Opportunities after BHMS
1. Clinical practice – In Homeopathy clinical practice, the sky is the limit for both professional advancement and financial growth.
2. Government level recruiters- National commission of Homeopathy (NCH), Ministry of Ayush, Central council of Research in Homeopathy (CCRH), Homeopathy Research institute (London), State government Jobs in State and District Health centers and Hospitals, Homeopathy dispensaries, Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) hospitals, state-run homeopathy medical colleges, and the National Institute of Homeopathy (NIH), Kolkata, are just a few among the many government institutions offering opportunities in this field.
3. UPSC, IAS, IPS, PSU, Banking: BHMS students can take up qualifying exams UPSC, IAS, IPS, Banking etc to pursue those courses which can entitle them for Central government or state government jobs.
4. Insurance and Banking- HDFC, Bajaj Allianz, SBI, National Insurance, Bank of Baroda, Tata AIA are regularly recruiting BHMS doctors.
5. Chain of Clinics- Dr. Batras Positive Health Clinics, Homeocare international, Namma Homeopathy, Life-force, Kaya etc. regularly recruit Homeopathy doctors.
6. Opportunities Abroad: countries like UAE, Oman, Bahrain, Quatar, UK, Canada, Australia, Germany, Switzerland and USA. To practice Homeopathy in these countries, students have to write qualifying exams.

Final Thoughts
Studying Homeopathy requires dedication and passion; the path may be unconventional at times, but it is deeply rewarding and filled with purpose. If you’re passionate about healing and seeking a meaningful career in healthcare, homeopathy is the perfect choice for you, healing the world truly starts with you, are you ready to take the first step?

Dr Tejasvi K P
Surabi Homoeo Clinic
Shop No 6, #508, 2nd Block, 8th Main Road, HMT Layout, Vidyaranyapura, Bengaluru 560097
Ph: 97311 33819
Email: drtejas2000@rediffmail.com

Watch: https://youtu.be/03LwEOsUhkg

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Ahmedabad: Stavya Spine Hospital, a renowned leader in exclusive spine care for over two decades, has introduced the Open Standing Weight Bearing MRI(Manufactured by Esaote SpA Italy) to its suite of advanced diagnostic tools. This innovative technology, designed specifically to meet the unique demands of spine diagnostics, enables imaging in standing, sitting and supine positions, offering new dimensions in evaluating spine conditions. The addition of this tool underscores Stavya’s commitment to ethical care, transparency, and advancing patient outcomes.

Transforming Diagnostics with Open Standing MRI
Unlike conventional MRIs, which require patients to lie flat for higher-resolution imaging, the Open Standing Esaote’s MRI allows for weight-bearing assessments of the spine. This machine is particularly suited to dynamic evaluations of conditions such as scoliosis, degenerative disc disease, and spinal instability. For patients with claustrophobia or anxiety about traditional MRI machines, the Open Standing MRI provides a more comfortable and open environment. Additionally, this technology can also be used to image the knee and hip in weight-bearing positions, offering valuable insights into joint health.

Dr. Mirant Dave, Spine Surgeon at Stavya, explained, “Our diagnostic philosophy is rooted in understanding how the spine functions under real-life conditions. The Open Standing Esaote’s MRI helps us evaluate the behavior of the spine under load, which is invaluable when determining whether a condition requires surgical intervention or can be managed conservatively. This is another step in our mission to deliver ethical, evidence-based care.” The Open Standing MRI is an essential tool for conditions where dynamic, functional imaging is critical.

Advanced Spine Care at Stavya
Stavya Spine Hospital has set itself apart as a center of excellence for spine care, combining cutting-edge technology, expert medical professionals, and a patient-first philosophy. As the only hospital in India exclusively dedicated to spine care, Stavya offers a comprehensive range of advanced treatments and diagnostics:
• Robotics in Spine Surgery: Revolutionizing complex procedures with enhanced precision and minimal risk.
• Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Delivering minimally invasive solutions for faster recovery and reduced discomfort.
• German Advanced Physiotherapy: Employing structured, evidence-based rehabilitation techniques for long-term recovery.
These technologies and techniques have been meticulously integrated into Stavya’s framework to provide a holistic approach to spine care. Every patient’s journey—from diagnosis to treatment and rehabilitation—is tailored to their specific needs, ensuring optimal outcomes and long-term spine health.

Dr. Bharat Dave, Director and Spine Surgeon, remarked, “At Stavya, we have always prioritized integrating the best of technology, talent, and treatment methods to provide our patients with comprehensive spine care. The Open Standing MRI complements this approach, helping us better understand and treat conditions that require dynamic imaging.”

The Team of Experts at Stavya
Stavya Spine Hospital prides itself on its team of highly skilled spine surgeons and physiotherapists who are dedicated to providing the best care. The surgical team includes:
• Dr. Bharat Dave
• Dr. Mirant Dave
• Dr. Ajay Krishnan
• Dr. Hitesh Modi
• Dr. Shivanand Mayi
• Dr. Raviranjan Rai
• Dr. Mukesh Patel
• Dr. Devanand Degulmadi

Together, this team brings decades of experience and expertise in managing complex spine conditions through advanced surgical techniques and ethical decision-making. The team’s collaborative approach ensures every patient receives the most effective care, whether surgical or conservative.

Stavya also boasts a world-class physiotherapy team, led by Dr. Akruti Dave, that works in close coordination with the surgeons to create comprehensive rehabilitation plans. Their focus is on ensuring patients regain optimal mobility and strength, whether recovering from surgery or managing their condition through conservative means.

Physiotherapy and Spine Health Checkups
Physiotherapy is a cornerstone of spine care, and Stavya emphasizes its role in both surgical and non-surgical treatment plans. Tools like the Open Standing MRI are invaluable for understanding a patient’s functional limitations and tailoring rehabilitation programs accordingly.

Dr. Akruti Dave, Head of Physiotherapy, shared, “Physiotherapy plays a vital role in improving patient outcomes. The Open Standing MRI helps us assess the mechanical and functional aspects of the spine more effectively, which is essential in designing personalized recovery plans. It also enhances our ability to help patients who are pursuing conservative care options.”

In addition to rehabilitation, Stavya has introduced Spine Health Checkups, a comprehensive program aimed at early detection and prevention of spine-related issues. The Open Standing MRI plays a central role in these checkups by offering dynamic imaging that uncovers subtle abnormalities and helps guide proactive treatment.
Dr. Akruti Dave added, “Spine Health Checkups are critical for detecting problems early, especially in individuals with sedentary lifestyles, poor posture, or chronic back pain. The Open Standing MRI allows us to offer patients a detailed understanding of their spine health, enabling timely interventions that can prevent further complications.”

Two Decades of Trust and Global Impact
Stavya Spine Hospital has built a legacy of trust over 20 years, treating thousands of patients from across India and the world. Patients turn to Stavya not only for its advanced technology but also for the hospital’s unwavering commitment to ethical, patient-first care.
In addition to its clinical impact, Stavya has been instrumental in training over 100 spine surgeons, many of whom now practice internationally. This focus on education and mentorship has helped Stavya contribute to the global advancement of spine care, ensuring its expertise reaches far beyond the hospital’s walls.

A Vision for the Future: Asia’s Largest Exclusive Spine Hospital
Looking to the future, Stavya is preparing to launch a new Center of Excellence in 2025, which will be the largest exclusive spine hospital in Asia. This landmark facility will expand Stavya’s capabilities, featuring advanced diagnostic and treatment technologies, increased capacity for patient care, and dedicated spaces for research and education. This project underscores Stavya’s ambition to remain at the forefront of spine care globally.
Mrs. Amita Dave, Managing Director, stated, “As we prepare for this new chapter, our focus remains on maintaining the trust of our patients. The Open Standing MRI is more than just a new diagnostic tool—it reflects our values of transparency, ethics, and a commitment to providing the most appropriate care for each individual.”

The Value of Transparency in Diagnostics
At Stavya, transparency is central to its care philosophy. The introduction of the Open Standing MRI is no exception. By openly sharing the specifications and purpose of this tool, Stavya ensures patients understand its role in their diagnostic journey.

Dr. Preety Krishnan, Radiologist, explained, “The Open Standing MRI is an important tool for specific spine conditions that require imaging in natural, weight-bearing positions. It’s ability to provide functional insights into the spine’s behavior is invaluable for certain diagnoses. This transparency helps patients feel confident and informed about their care.”

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The 21^st century is witnessing a healthcare revolution unlike any before. Fuelled by a confluence of factors –  rapid technological advancements, a burgeoning life sciences sector, and a growing emphasis on preventative care – healthcare innovation isn’t just transforming lives; it’s morphing into a powerful engine for economic development. This transformation is multifaceted, impacting economies on a national and global scale.

A Flourishing Industry: Jobs, Investment, and Growth

At the heart of this economic impact lies the burgeoning healthcare industry itself. The development of new drugs, medical devices, and diagnostic tools is creating a fertile ground for job creation. A 2022 report by the American Hospital Association estimates that the healthcare sector employs over 21 million people in the United States alone, making it the nation’s largest employer. This growth extends beyond traditional healthcare providers.  Research and development, manufacturing, sales, and healthcare IT – all these sectors are experiencing a surge in employment opportunities due to the constant churn of innovation.

Furthermore, healthcare innovation attracts significant investments. Venture capitalists are pouring billions into research institutions and biotechnology firms. A 2023 report by PwC: [invalid URL removed] revealed that global healthcare venture capital funding reached a staggering $330 billion in 2022. This influx of capital strengthens a nation’s competitive edge by fostering a culture of innovation and attracting top talent.

Efficiency and Cost Savings: A Double Boon

Innovation isn’t just about creating new products; it’s also about optimizing existing systems. Technologies like telemedicine and remote patient monitoring are revolutionizing healthcare delivery. A 2021 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that telemedicine consultations can reduce healthcare costs by up to 50%. These technologies allow for more efficient use of resources, reducing unnecessary hospital admissions and procedures. Additionally, advancements in diagnostics, such as non-invasive blood tests for early cancer detection, facilitate preventative measures and early intervention, leading to long-term cost savings for both patients and healthcare systems. A 2023 study by the American Cancer Society estimates that the cumulative savings from early detection of colorectal cancer alone could be as high as $54 billion over a decade in the US.

A Healthier Workforce Fuels a More Productive Economy

The link between a healthy workforce and a productive economy is undeniable.  Healthcare innovation plays a crucial role in promoting overall well-being by combating chronic diseases, improving life expectancy, and reducing illness. A 2020 study by the World Health Organization found that a 10% reduction in chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease could increase global GDP by up to $1.2 trillion annually. This translates into a healthier workforce with fewer sick days and increased productivity. Additionally, a healthier workforce reduces the burden on social security programs and frees up resources for further economic development.

Global Collaboration: Sharing Knowledge for a Healthier World

The digital revolution has transcended borders, facilitating the exchange of healthcare knowledge and expertise on a global scale. Collaborative research efforts, fuelled by advancements in communication technology, are accelerating breakthroughs. For instance, the COVID-19 pandemic saw an unprecedented level of international collaboration on vaccine development. This not only improved global health outcomes but also created new economic opportunities through knowledge sharing and joint ventures between pharmaceutical companies across the world.

Beyond Healthcare: A Catalyst for Scientific Progress

Healthcare innovation acts as a breeding ground for scientific and technological progress that extends far beyond the medical field. Research areas like genomics, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence have applications in fields like agriculture, materials science, and environmental sustainability.  For example, advancements in gene editing used to develop new therapies for diseases are also having a significant impact on agricultural research, allowing scientists to develop crops with improved yields and resistance to pests. This fosters a broader culture of innovation, leading to breakthroughs across various sectors and propelling overall economic growth.

Challenges and Considerations: Responsible Development for Equitable Benefits

While the economic potential of healthcare innovation is undeniable, harnessing it fully requires addressing significant challenges. Ensuring equitable access to new technologies across income levels and geographical locations is paramount. A 2022 study by the World Health Organization found that low- and middle-income countries often lag behind in adopting new healthcare technologies due to infrastructure limitations and affordability concerns. Addressing this disparity is crucial to maximize the overall health and economic benefits of innovation.

Furthermore, the rising costs of sophisticated treatments pose a challenge to healthcare budgets. Balancing innovation with affordability requires policymakers to implement effective cost-containment strategies while encouraging research and development. Additionally, the ethical considerations of emerging fields like gene editing need careful navigation. Open discussions and robust regulatory frameworks are essential to ensure responsible development and public trust.

Dr. Vivek Kumar Jha
Prof. and H.O.D
Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences,
Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University,
Gurugram, Haryana.

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In our interconnected world, health should be a universal right, yet stark inequalities persist, with access to healthcare and health outcomes varying dramatically between countries and regions. These global health disparities represent a significant challenge, requiring concerted efforts from governments, organizations, and individuals worldwide to address them. This article delves into the complex factors contributing to global health disparities, their impact on populations, and potential strategies for mitigating these disparities.

Understanding Global Health Disparities:
Global health disparities encompass differences in health outcomes, healthcare access, and healthcare quality across countries and within populations. While some regions boast advanced healthcare systems and high life expectancies, others struggle with inadequate infrastructure, limited resources, and high rates of preventable diseases.

Factors Contributing to Disparities:
1. Economic Inequities: Economic disparities play a central role in shaping health outcomes. Low-income countries often face challenges in funding healthcare infrastructure, leading to insufficient healthcare facilities, shortages of medical supplies, and understaffed hospitals.
2. Access to Healthcare: Disparities in healthcare access arise from various factors, including geographic location, socioeconomic status, and cultural barriers. Rural and remote areas, in particular, face challenges in accessing healthcare services due to distance, transportation barriers, and a shortage of healthcare providers.
3. Health Education and Awareness: Disparities in health education and awareness contribute to differences in health behaviors and outcomes. Lack of knowledge about preventive measures, such as vaccination and hygiene practices, can exacerbate the spread of diseases and lead to poorer health outcomes.
4. Political and Social Determinants: Political instability, conflict, and social unrest can disrupt healthcare systems and exacerbate health disparities. Additionally, factors such as gender inequality, discrimination, and marginalization can further limit access to healthcare services for vulnerable populations.

Impact of Global Health Disparities:
The consequences of global health disparities are profound and far-reaching, affecting individuals, communities, and economies:
– Higher mortality rates: Populations in countries with limited healthcare access experience higher rates of preventable deaths from diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS.
– Reduced life expectancy: Disparities in healthcare access contribute to significant variations in life expectancy between countries, with individuals in low-income countries often living shorter lives compared to those in high-income countries.
– Economic burden: Health disparities impede economic development by reducing productivity, increasing healthcare costs, and perpetuating cycles of poverty and illness.

Addressing Global Health Disparities:
1. Strengthening Healthcare Systems: Investing in healthcare infrastructure, training healthcare workers, and expanding access to essential medicines and technologies are crucial steps in bridging the gap in healthcare access and quality between countries.
2. Promoting Health Equity: Implementing policies that address social determinants of health, such as poverty, education, and gender inequality, can help reduce disparities and promote health equity.
3. Global Health Partnerships: Collaborative efforts between governments, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations are essential for tackling global health challenges. Initiatives such as the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Universal Health Coverage campaign aim to ensure that everyone can access the healthcare services they need without facing financial hardship.
4. Empowering Communities: Empowering communities through health education, community-based interventions, and participatory approaches can strengthen healthcare systems and improve health outcomes at the local level.

Conclusion:
Global health disparities remain a pressing challenge, with millions of people worldwide facing barriers to accessing quality healthcare. Addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that addresses underlying social, economic, and political factors while promoting equity and empowerment at the individual and community levels. By working together to tackle global health inequalities, we can move closer to achieving the vision of health for all, regardless of nationality or socioeconomic status.

Dr. Vivek Kumar Jha
Prof. and H.O.D
Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences,
Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University,
Gurugram, Haryana.

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Sustainable development encompasses the idea of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Education plays a fundamental role in achieving sustainable development by empowering individuals with the knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes necessary to contribute to a more sustainable world.

Global Sustainable Development: 

Here are some key points regarding the relationship between global sustainable development and educational perspectives:
1. Awareness and Understanding: Education raises awareness about the interconnectedness of social, economic, and environmental issues at local, national, and global levels. It helps individuals understand the complex challenges facing the world, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, poverty, and inequality.
2. Capacity Building: Education builds the capacity of individuals, communities, and institutions to address sustainable development challenges effectively. It equips learners with critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making skills necessary to analyze issues, explore solutions, and implement sustainable practices.
3. Promotion of Sustainable Lifestyles: Education promotes sustainable lifestyles by fostering values of environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and ethical consumption. It encourages individuals to make informed choices that minimize their ecological footprint and contribute to the well-being of people and the planet
4. Empowerment and Participation: Education empowers individuals to participate actively in sustainable development initiatives, advocacy campaigns, and policy-making processes. It enables marginalized groups, including women, youth, and indigenous communities, to voice their concerns, demand justice, and drive positive change in their communities.
5. Lifelong Learning and Continuous Improvement: Education is a lifelong process that extends beyond formal schooling. It involves continuous learning and adaptation to new knowledge, technologies, and societal changes. Lifelong learning enables individuals to stay informed about emerging sustainability issues and engage in ongoing efforts to improve sustainability outcomes
6. Integration of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Education plays a critical role in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. It helps integrate the SDGs into curricula, teaching methodologies, and extracurricular activities across educational institutions worldwide. By aligning education with the SDGs, countries can accelerate progress towards a more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable future.
7. Global Collaboration and Partnerships: Education fosters global collaboration and partnerships for sustainable development. It connects learners, educators, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners from diverse backgrounds and cultures to share knowledge, exchange best practices, and work together towards common goals.

In conclusion, global sustainable development and educational perspectives are interconnected in fostering a more sustainable future for all. By prioritizing education as a catalyst for change, societies can empower individuals and communities to build a world that is environmentally resilient, socially inclusive, and economically prosperous.

Education for sustainable development
Our education system should create awareness about and trigger conversations around social and environmental awareness
“Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I may remember. Involve me and I learn.”
this famous saying reinforces the relevance of participatory approaches for teaching-learning processes. Education is not static but evolves and changes with time. It should be used as a tool that will facilitate sustainable living and also provide opportunities to think critically, innovate and provide solutions towards local challenges that have a global relevance.
The world community’s adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 has set the agenda for 2030. It rests on the principles of the four Ps (Peace, Prosperity, People and Planet) and also advocates global partnerships that will facilitate transformative impacts based on economic, social, and environmental improvement for all sections of society. The coronavirus pandemic also had a massive global impact leading to institutional failures, a slowdown of economic growth and a corresponding surge in environmental and health threats.

Technology in education
Technological advances in education have led to hybrid learning models that present an opportunity for students to skill themselves in digital education. The current blended education balances traditional teaching with digital modes, and will further pave the way for more integrated and technology-led interventions. This transformation will ensure a continuity of education processes and introduce a cloud-based integrated platform, that will bring all stakeholders (parents, teachers, the administration and the student community) together. This will ensure transparency and also allow automation of administrative work, giving teachers more time to focus on students’ learnings.
In the Indian context, technology adoption in schools is aligned with the objectives of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and provides early exposure to youth about new frontiers. For example, learners who are versed in Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques can secure work opportunities in areas related to Science and Social Science specializations that need technical skills related to data collection, analysis and creating of scenario mapping. Sectors related to real estate, forensics, farming, resource prediction and futuristic planning offer a range of work opportunities to GIS experts.
Remote sensing is the art and science of acquiring data without being in direct physical contact (by using sensors on airplanes or satellites). This is a must for every learner aspiring to acquire a 21st-century education. AI has a range of applications in sectors such as banking, medicine, security, e-commerce and telecommunications. Wildlife scientists bank heavily upon tracking species movement, especially during the reproduction phase and migrations. The Very High Frequency (VHF) radio devices used at first have been replaced by Global Positioning System (GPS) units. Wildlife conservation is also making use of aerial drones, infrared cameras, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, devices that monitor movement in real-time and GPS geolocation. This helps to identify and locate species, making it easier to limit losses due to illegal hunting, and to create a database of their specific activities.

Use of demographic data:
Today, 65% of India’s population comprises youth below 35 years. While this demographic dividend should translate into more job opportunities, it will be possible only if employability skills are enhanced by transforming our education system into being more practical and industry-oriented. With one out of every six people in the 15-24 age group, it is critical that we work with youth through each opportunity that can trigger conversations around social and environmental awareness and usher in a new paradigm of change.
Our education system should create awareness about sustainability and negate the scepticism around the warnings being issued about the degrading environment. Teaching and learning experiences should be based on local context and avenues for interactions with practitioners for knowledge exchange are a must.
The development of education is a multifaceted process that involves various stakeholders, policies, practices, and innovations aimed at improving learning outcomes, expanding access to education, and promoting lifelong learning. Here are some key aspects of the development of education:

1.Access and Equity: One of the primary goals of education development is to ensure access to quality education for all individuals, regardless of their socio-economic background, gender, ethnicity, or geographic location. Efforts are made to remove barriers to enrollment, such as poverty, discrimination, distance, and disability, and to promote inclusive education systems that cater to the diverse needs of learners.

2.Quality Improvement: Education development focuses on enhancing the quality of teaching and learning processes to ensure that students acquire relevant knowledge, skills, and competencies. This involves curriculum reforms, teacher training programs, pedagogical innovations, and the integration of technology in education to create engaging and effective learning environments.

3.Curriculum and Pedagogy: The development of education involves the continuous review and adaptation of curricula and pedagogical approaches to meet the evolving needs of learners and society. This includes updating subject content, incorporating interdisciplinary learning experiences, promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and integrating values of sustainability, diversity, and global citizenship into the curriculum.

4.Teacher Training and Professional Development: Educator capacity-building is essential for the development of education systems. This includes pre-service and in-service training programs for teachers, school leaders, and education administrators to enhance their pedagogical skills, subject knowledge, classroom management techniques, and understanding of educational theories and practices.

5.Infrastructure and Resources: Education development requires investment in physical infrastructure, such as schools, classrooms, libraries, laboratories, and ICT facilities, as well as the provision of teaching and learning materials, textbooks, digital resources, and educational technology tools. Adequate funding, efficient resource allocation, and sustainable management practices are critical for maintaining and expanding educational infrastructure and resources.

6.Lifelong Learning and Continuing Education: Education is a lifelong process that extends beyond formal schooling. The development of education systems promotes lifelong learning opportunities for individuals of all ages and backgrounds, including adult education, vocational training, skills development programs, and non-formal education initiatives. Lifelong learning enables individuals to adapt to changing economic, social, and technological realities and to participate actively in civic life and sustainable development efforts.

7.Policy and Governance: Education development is guided by national policies, laws, and regulations that set priorities, goals, and standards for the education sector. Effective governance structures, accountability mechanisms, and stakeholder engagement processes are essential for ensuring transparency, equity, and efficiency in education delivery and management.

8.Research and Innovation: Education development relies on research and innovation to generate new knowledge, insights, and solutions to educational challenges. It involves collaboration between researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and communities to identify best practices, evaluate interventions, and develop evidence-based policies and programs that enhance teaching and learning outcomes.

Overall, the development of education is a dynamic and ongoing process that requires concerted efforts from governments, civil society organizations, international agencies, the private sector, and local communities to create inclusive, equitable, and quality education systems that empower individuals and societies to thrive in the 21st century.

Dr. Vivek Kumar Jha
Prof. and H.O.D
Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences,
Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University,
Gurugram, Haryana.

The post Global Sustainable Development and Educational Services appeared first on Health Vision.

Gurukul was the hometown of teachers where students come after completing their initiation ceremony and learn until the completion of their study. The parishads or academies were the places of higher learning and education where students learn through discussions and debates. Goshti or conferences were the places where the kings of the states used to invite scholars from every institute to meet and exchange their views. Ashramas or hermitages were the other learning centers where students from various parts of the country used to come and learn from saints and sages. Vidyapeeth was the place of spiritual learning founded by great Acharya, Sri Shankara in places like Sringeri, Kanchi, Dwarka, and Puri, etc. Agraharas was an institution of Brahmins in villages where they used to teach. Viharas were the educational institutions founded by Buddhists where the students were taught the subjects related to Buddhism and philosophy.
Higher educational institutions
Takshashila was the famous center of learning, including religion and teaching of Buddhism in ancient times. It was famous for his higher education learning comprising of subjects like ancient scriptures, law, medicine, sociology, astronomy, military science, and 18 silpas, etc. The well-known scholars from the university were great grammarian Panini, he was an expert in his subject of grammar and published his work on Ashtadhyayi, Chanakya who is skilled in statecraft both studied here. Students from Kashi, Kosala, Magadha, and also from different countries flocked into the university despite a long and arduous journey. Takshashila was an ancient Indian city currently situated in north-western Pakistan was the well-known center of learning and has been declared as an archeological site and world heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1980.
Nalanda: When Xuan Zang came to Nalanda it was called Nala, which was the center of learning in many subjects. The students used to come here from different parts of the country and the world to study here. Different subjects were taught, including the Vedas, fine arts, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy. Xuan Zang itself became the student of Yogashastra. Nalanda which is currently situated in Rajgir, Bihar, India was also declared as a world heritage site by UNESCO. The other famous institutes around ancient times were Vallabhi, Vikramshila, Ujjain, and Benaras.
Medieval education
During the eighth century Anno Domini (A.D) a huge number of Mohammadian invaded India. Mahmud Ghaznavi captured India and set up a large number of schools and libraries in the country by the looted wealth. Later Muslim leaders established their permanent empire in India, they brought a new system of education. The ancient education system was drastically changed. The Arabs and the Turks bought some new cultures, traditions, and institutions in India, in that the most remarkable change was the Islamic pattern of education which was different from the Buddhist and Brahmanic education system. The medieval age, education system primarily focused on the Islamic and Mughal System. The main objective of education during the medieval period was the spread of knowledge and the propagation of Islam. The objective behind this era of education was to spread Islamic education its principles, and social conventions. The purpose of the education system was to make people religious minded.
Characteristics of education
The rulers helped in the spread and development of education. They helped in the establishment of different educational institutes and funded it, big landlords also gave them some wealth in the development of institutes. There was no control of rulers over the educational institutes and also to their management. The student-teacher relation was also good like the Buddhist and Brahmanic period, although students did not live with their teachers at that time. Teachers took interest in learning, at that time teachers were used to teaching students individually.
Curriculum
During that time books were not there, therefore the students were used to write on taktis. The stress was laid on teaching the student from the beginning that is teaching them first alphabets and then words. Calligraphy and grammar were the most important subjects taught during those days. Students also learned “paharas”(multiple of numbers), and also they memorized it while learning. Sanskrit, Hindi, Arabic and Persian were the main languages of communication and these languages were important for the students who wanted to get higher posts. The secular education consists of the study of Sanskrit, Arabic literature, grammar, history, philosophy, mathematics, geography, politics, economics, Greek language, and agriculture.

Modern education
In the middle of the medieval age, the British invaded India and started to capture it. The modern education was introduced during the British empire. In the 1830s Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay introduced the English language. The subjects and the syllabus were limited to some extent, the main aim of modern education of the British was to spread Christianity. As time passed education started to develop and entered into the modern era that is in the twenty-first century, the era of science, technology, and innovations. And the demand and the need for education stills remain the same as it was in ancient and medieval times. In the modern era of science and technology, the industrial sector is increasing day by day. As demand increases our education sector also needs to change and adapt to that environment.
Aim of education
The objective of modern education was to inculcate values in students such as equality, secularism, education for all, and environmental protection, etc. To understand the culture as well as people of our country, every student must be provided at least a minimum level of education and also to provide education to the people who cannot afford it, to prepare the students with the ever-increasing demands.
Characteristics of education
The student-teacher relations remained the same as it was in ancient and medieval, but students did not live in the teacher’s house. As technology is increasing day by day, the education sector is also following the trend of technology by teaching the students through online lectures and Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). In Aviation and the medical sector, more emphasis is on practical knowledge as compared to other sectors. Women’s education is giving more importance, and the Government has launched many programs to encourage women’s education. In the modern era electronics gadgets like projectors, Light Emitting Diode (LED), and computers are used to teach the students. The Government has established many programs and there are many organizations that promote education in India.
Curriculum
The whole curriculum of a student is divided into three sections primary, secondary, and graduation. Primary education is from 1st to 10th standard, Secondary education is 11th and 12th, and in Graduation, students were given the choice to choose a field for further studies example computer, electrical, civil, etc. But after secondary education students also have choices to choose their career path. In primary education, students are taught subjects like history, geography, mathematics, science, Hindi, and Marathi. The languages may differ from state to state. At the early stages, students were taught alphabets, poem recitation, word formation, etc. Different prayers, the National Anthem is also in the schools. Along with studies different sports and extracurricular activities are also conducted in schools to keep the students fit and for their all-round development.

The pupils are assessed based on the term exams conducted at frequent intervals. In secondary education, students are given choices to choose from science and commerce. According to the student’s choice, they were given an education. Secondary education is an advanced version of primary education. Pupils were assessed based on term examination. After secondary education, students were given entry to the universities through some entrance examination, according to their marks scored in entrance examination they are admitted to the universities. Pupils were assessed based on semester exams or in-sem exams.
In modern education along with studies, the emphasis is given on extracurricular activities and sports for all-round development of students.
Methods of learning
Students mostly learn concepts through online platforms like YouTube, Courser, and Udemy.Students refer to the notes given by the teacher’s side by side while learning online. During class hours’ doubts are solved through discussions, debates, etc. Pupils were assessed based on mid-sem written exams and practical exams to check their practical knowledge.
Educational institutions
Schools: Schools are the educational institutes where children are sent for their primary education. There are many private and government schools situated in India, primary education means education from Nursery to 10th standard. Children at their early ages are sent to schools to learn poems, grammar, prayers, alphabets, etc. besides this, the other subjects taught in the schools are English, mathematics, science, history, geography, and other regional languages. Schools are situated inside the city, also there are many cultural programs and sports events conducted in schools for the students to develop their interpersonal and physical skills. Private schools are run by organizations and the principal manages the academics and cultural activities in schools.
Colleges: After completing primary education from schools, students are sent to colleges for secondary education. After primary education, students are required to give entrance exams to take entry into colleges and according to the marks scored in entrance exams students are allotted colleges. In some states, during college, they are advised to choose a stream from science and commerce and then further carry on their secondary education. College education consists of 11th and 12th standard. Different subjects taught in secondary education according to their streams are physics, chemistry, geometry, algebra, accounts, and many other regional languages.
University: After the secondary education, students are required to give the entrance exams like Joint Engineering Entrance (JEE) and other state-level exams to take admissions in universities. Students are given choices to choose a stream like a computer, electronics, civil, and Mechanical and then start their career in it. The University provides undergraduate and postgraduate course comprising of course duration of 4 and 3 years, different universities in India are Savitribai Phule Pune University, Mumbai University, and many other aided non-aided and private universities like Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana. There are many cultural and sports events conducted in SGT university for giving students some time to joy and relax from studies.
Higher educational institutions
Indian Institute of Technology: It is one of the greatest universities in India for higher education like undergraduate, post-graduation, and many more streams. There is a total of 23 IIT colleges in India, every year lakhs of students compete to take admissions in these IIT’s. JEE-Mains and JEE-Advance are the two entrance examinations to take admission in these IIT’s, according to the All India Rank (AIR) and marks students are allotted IIT’s. Due to its high level of educational teaching and curriculum, IIT is famous all around the world. The other top universities are Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), National Institute of Technology (NIT), Indian Institute of Science (IISC)and AIIMS.

Dr. Vivek Kumar Jha
Prof. and H.O.D
Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences,
Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University,
Gurugram, Haryana.

The post Educational System in India appeared first on Health Vision.

The evolution of education in India is a complex and multifaceted journey that spans thousands of years and reflects the country’s rich cultural, social, and historical heritage. Here’s a brief overview of the evolution of education in India:

1. Ancient Period (Pre-1000 BCE):
– Education in ancient India was primarily transmitted through oral traditions, with knowledge passed down from generation to generation through vedas, upanishads, and other sacred texts.
– Gurukul system: Education was conducted in gurukuls or ashrams, where students lived with their gurus (teachers) and received holistic education encompassing scriptures, philosophy, ethics, sciences, arts, and life skills.

2. Medieval Period (1000-1757 CE):
– Islamic Influence: With the advent of Islamic rule in parts of India, institutions known as madrasas were established to impart religious education and training in Islamic sciences.
– Persian and Arabic languages were emphasized, and subjects such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and literature were also taught.

3. Colonial Period (1757-1947 CE):
– British Colonial Rule: The British East India Company and later the British Crown established colonial rule in India. They introduced modern education systems aimed at producing clerks, administrators, and loyal subjects for the British Empire.
– Macaulay’s Minute (1835): Lord Macaulay’s minute recommended the promotion of English education over traditional Indian languages to create a class of Indians anglicized in taste, morals, and intellect.
– Wood’s Dispatch (1854): This dispatch laid the foundation for the modern education system in India, emphasizing the need for mass education, establishment of schools, and promotion of vernacular languages alongside English.

4. Post-Independence Period (1947 onwards):
– Indian Constitution: The Indian Constitution recognized education as a fundamental right and placed the responsibility of providing free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 on the state.
– Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): Launched in 2001, SSA aimed at universalizing elementary education and improving the quality of education in India.
– National Policy on Education (NPE): The Government of India has periodically introduced national policies on education to address the evolving needs of the education sector. Notable policies include the NPE 1968, NPE 1986, and the recent National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which emphasizes holistic and multidisciplinary education, integration of technology, and skill development.

5. Modern Trends and Challenges:
– Rapid expansion of educational institutions, including schools, colleges, universities, and technical institutes.
– Emphasis on STEM education, vocational training, and skill development to meet the demands of a globalized economy.
– Challenges include disparities in access to education, quality issues, high dropout rates, gender disparities, and the digital divide between urban and rural areas.

The evolution of education in India reflects a blend of indigenous traditions, colonial legacies, and contemporary reforms aimed at creating an inclusive, equitable, and knowledge-based society. While significant progress has been made, ongoing efforts are needed to address persistent challenges and ensure that education serves as a catalyst for individual empowerment, social development, and national progress.
Technological improvement has boosted the economic growth in India. Science and technology have an important role in the economic development of India.

Compared to other developed countries, India has more youth manpower. Proper education will play a significant role in making youth future-ready and increasing economic growth by providing skilled persons which will also boost industrial development. In the modern era of education, every institution or university is adapting new teaching methods using their teaching methodologies. Indian education is the biggest and well-known education systems in the world. During ancient education, there were 5 big well-known universities like Takshashila, Nalanda, Vallabhi, etc., which focus on the all-round development of students. In modern education, there are well known autonomous institutes like IITs, IIMs, AIIMS which are famous all around the world.

During ancient education, students live away from their parents, their education comprises of subjects like physical education, mental education, politics, economics, etc. They were shaped in a way that they can live in any condition considering how difficult the situation will be? Medieval education also followed the same protocol as ancient education in spite that their education mostly focuses on religion. In today’s modern era of big institutes like the Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institute of Management (IIMs), everything is changed like the living standard of students, curriculum, all-round development. The principle objective of the student has been to just achieve its goal and be successful.

Only the big institutes like IITs, IIMs, AIIMS and some other private and aided universities have adopted modern methods of learning. There is a difference in curriculum, teaching methods, and living standards of students in every institute. The syllabus of the current education system is not industry-oriented and also not according to new upcoming trends. The main objective of education is mostly theoretical and not practically implemented.

The main purpose of this article is to convey what all the things need to adopt in our current education system from ancient and medieval times and also some new trends associated with it. The paper is mainly categorized into three sections Ancient, Medieval and Modern education system, including sub-sections such as curriculum, method of learning, the aim of education, characteristics of education, educational institutes, higher educational institutes, advantages, and disadvantages of the particular education system.
Ancient education

During the ancient period, two systems of education were developed, Vedic, and Buddhist. The medium of language during the Vedic system was Sanskrit, while those in the Buddhist system were Pali. During those times the education was of Vedas, Brahmanas, Upnishads, and Dharmasutras. From the Rigveda onwards, our ancient education started with the objective of developing the students not only in the outer body but also on the inner body. The ancient education focused on imparting ethics like humility, truthfulness, discipline, self-reliance, and respecting all creations to the students.

The education was mostly imparted in ashrams, gurukuls, temples, houses. Sometimes pujaris of the temples used to teach students. The education system of ancient India has some special features and uniqueness which was not found in any other ancient education system of the other countries. The education was mostly given in forests under the blue sky, which keeps the student’s mind fresh and alive. During ancient times people used to live a simple life and doing their work with devotion and hard work.

Aim of education
The main objective of education was to equip the students with a good quality of education. The education mostly focused on the enrichment of culture, character, and personality, development, and cultivation of noble ideals. The objective was gaining the mental, physical, and intellectual personality of students, to make the students future-ready and survive in any situation.

Characteristics of education
During the ancient period, the state government and the people did not interfere in designing curriculum, payments of fees, regulation of teaching hours. There was a strong bonding between teacher and student. Every student was allotted with one teacher and more emphasis was given to the student-teacher relationship, each student used to meet teachers personally to learn and gain instructions from them. During ancient times, royal families, as well as kings of states, used to donate their wealth to improve the education system and quality.

The syllabus was designed in accordance with the demands of that era. At that time students used to leave their houses and went to live with their gurus until their education was completed. During the early Vedic period, women’s education was also given more emphasis. The education focuses on the physical and mental development of students. The course duration was about 10–12 years, as there were no books so students used to memorize all things, memory played a crucial role during learning. The education was imparted in forests away from cities and peoples to give students a pleasant and silent environment of study.

Curriculum
Curriculum plays an essential role in the education system. It was dynamic and not static; it was made up of different stages. The fundamental goal of building a good curriculum was to develop students physically and mentally. The curriculum consists of four Vedas, six vedangas, Upnishads, darshanas, Puranas, Tarka Shastra. The six vedangas were Shiksha, Chhandas, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Jyotisha, and Kalpawhile the darshanas were Nyaya, Baiseshika, Yoga, Vedanta, Sankhya, Mimasa. Algebra, Geometry, and grammar were also given more importance at that time.

Panini was famous in the domain of grammar at that time. The curriculum of the Buddhist system consists of pitakas, Abhidharma, and sutras. Besides this medicine, Vedas were also given importance. Hindu learning was a part of Buddhist learning, although more emphasis was given to Buddhist learning. Both the systems were going hand in hand at that time. The education was totally through orals and debates, and the exams were conducted every year. The education system of the ancient period focused on subjects like warfare, military, politics, religion.

Methods of learning

The teachers at that time paid special focus to their students and teach them according to their knowledge and skill level. Teaching was basically via orals and debates, and the different methods were as follows:
At that time books were not there, so students had the habit to learn and memorize all the things taught in the class, and teachers also helped them in memorizing. The students used to deep dive into the concepts taught by their teachers and explore new methods to learn it.
 Listening, Contemplation, and concentrated contemplation were some new methods of exploring the way of learning.
 The teachers used the storytelling methods to teach the student.
 Students used to ask questions about the topics taught by the teachers and these topics were discussed and then answered to the students.
 The education of that time mainly focused on practical knowledge of the topics taught in the class.
 The students got plenty of knowledge through seminars and debates conducted at frequent intervals.

Dr. Vivek Kumar Jha
Prof. and H.O.D
Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences,
Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University,
Gurugram, Haryana.

The post Evolution of Education System in India appeared first on Health Vision.

SIRO Clinpharm, a pioneering clinical research organization in the country known for its two-decade long experience in the field, has launched SIRO Clinical Research Institute (SCRI), to create CRO industry-ready professionals. With this initiative, the goal of SIRO is to give back to the industry by revolutionizing it with hand-on training and creating professionals for pharmaceutical companies and global contract research organizations, through cutting-edge learning concepts, a strong curriculum, real-world case studies, and soft skill development.

“Our vision for SCRI is to provide tailor-made courses to the people who are looking to enter the clinical research industry. We have more than 25 years of experience working in this field and our organization follows the best international industry standards. We believe that the clinical research industry in India has the potential for enormous growth, but that can happen only by providing premium and quality education to individuals. This is what SIRO institute will help in achieving for the industry and for the country. We have crafted the curriculum after thoughtfully incorporating the lessons learned by SIRO over the last 25 years and this is how we aim to give back to this industry,” says Dr. Gautam Daftary, Chairman, SIRO Clinpharm.

 Currently, the institute is offering the Post Graduate Diploma in Clinical Research to anyone who has a graduate or post-graduate degree in areas like Pharma, Microbiology, Botany, Biochemistry, Chemistry, etc. The course is also open to anyone who has done MBBS, BDS, BAMS, or BHMS.

 The course has been divided into nine modules over 16 weeks of in-person classroom training & 4 weeks of on-job training under the guidance of skilled SIRO professionals, covering all the aspects of clinical research which will equip the students to be industry ready.

 “The program is intended for recent graduates who want to work in various areas of the clinical research industry, such as Clinical Operations, Data Management, Biostatistics, Programming and Medical Writing. The course was created by industry specialists with the most recent advancements and the varied needs of the clinical research industry in mind. The goal of the course is to give students a comprehensive understanding of the clinical research sector and insight into each component that contributes to the field’s needs. The largest differentiator this course aims to offer is practical with strong elements of on-job training. The course would educate students for a career in corporate settings with a focus on communication and other skills in addition to the technicalities of clinical research,” added Karan Daftary, Director, SIRO Clinpharm.

The first online exam will be conducted on 18^th September, 2022. To know more about the SIRO institute and the course, you can visit their official website www.siroinstitute.com.

The post SIRO Clinpharm launches SIRO Clinical Research Institute appeared first on Health Vision.

The first wealth is health. Learning is the beginning of wealth. Reading is the key to learning and success in life. It is the best form of self-educating yourself, and there are no limits or boundaries to what you can learn and become. Reading is a light in the dark, mental statement, discovery, relaxation, joy, time travel, gift etc.

Reading is a foundational skill, which enables us to gain knowledge, acquire perspective etc. A person who knows how to read can educate themselves in any area of life they are interested in. With reading, a person can go anywhere in the world. Reading  more helps to know more, learn more,  grow smarter, stronger voice, speaking your mind, making your choice etc.   

Reading is a Healthy Relationship :

Good condition of body, mind and emotion are all parts of good health that make our body alive. Good health of both mind and body helps one maintain the required energy level to achieve success in life. Reading will boost your health and basically make you a better person.

Reading is a positive habit that has life long impacts on your health. It is both entertaining and beneficial to your overall well-being. Whatever you choose to read, you can count on the variety of benefits that reading offers to your mind and your body. Regular reading confers substantial benefits for health and your well-being.

Health Benefits : Reading 

1. It strengthens your mind, gives muscle to your memory.

2. It stimulates your brain to be able to focus on tasks better.

3. It builds a critical mind and attention span.

4. It keeps your brain young and sharp.

5. It sets a calm mood and clears mind off toxic thoughts.

6. It enhances thinking power, concentration and empathy.

7. It adds longevity to your health / Increase your life span.

8. It lowers blood pressure and heart rate.

9. It improves sleep quality.

1o. It reduces symptoms of depression.

11. It reduces stress levels and anxiety.

12. It is an exercise for the brain which can strengthen neuronal pathways.

13. Preserve brain health and lower the risk of Alzheimer’s and Dementia.

Well-Being Benefits : Reading

1. It improves your stronger conversational or communication skills, sharpens written skills and listening skills.

2. It increases your vocabulary and can make you better writer.

3. It enhances your imagination and creativity.

4. It expands their ability to build knowledge overall and helps us accomplish life goals.

5. It helps you learn about yourself and better ability to read other people.

6. It makes you confidence on what you expecting.

7. It provides entertainment.

8. It offers inspiration and can be humbling.

9. It turnoff electronic overload.

10. It make you becomes a better person.

11. It boosts happiness and overall life satisfaction

12. For those who don’t enjoy reading, you might change your mind after hearing about the benefits.

13. Develop or Encourage Reading Habits in People  :Some Examples are Below.

National Digital Library for Reading :

During the lockdown period the union ministry of human resource had given an opportunity for the public free access to the national digital library for reading. The digital version of the books and magazines public can be read using any digital devices. (https ://ndl,litkgp.ac.in, 28 Sept 2020)

Auto Driver Creates Mini Bhagavad Gita to Boost Reading Habit :

Striving to encourage the reading habit in an era driven by technology, an auto driver has come up with miniature version of the Bhagavad Gita and eminent Kannada author DV Gundappa’s Mankuthimana Kagga. The books created by K Jagannath 53 years, a resident of Chandra layout in Bengaluru, measure 2cm x 1.5 cm, almost equivalent to an old five rupee coin size. (The Times of India, 07 Oct 2018)

Read a Good Book :

The department of health cited “ Get into reading as an example of best practice in helping improve mental health”. by Padmathi Subrananan, (Reader’s Digest, October 2010, Page.73)

Scientific Research Proved :

1. Reading Enhances a Child’s Development: Reading for pleasure can benefit a child’s education, social and cognitive development, their well-being, and their mental health. (Source :Why is Reading so Important for Children?, 24May 2019.)

2. A study published in Perspectives on Psychological Science in January 2013 concluded that “reading to a child in an interactive style raises his or her IQ by over 6 points.

3. According to Dr. John S. Hutton, a clinical research at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Reading helps your child build brain networks that will serve him long-term when he transitions from verbal to reading.

Senior Citizen Reading :

Scientific studies have found many benefits of reading for older adults, from reducing stress and enhancing sleep to improving memory circuits, sharpening decision-making and possibly even delaying the onset of dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease.

As you grow older, your memory may not be what it once was. The studies have shown that engaging in reading can reduce symptoms of memory decline, helping you to retain your short-term memory for longer.

When we read, not only are we improving memory and empathy, but research has shown that it makes us feel better and more positive too. Science has shown that reading has some amazing health benefits, including helping with depression, cutting stress, and reducing the chances of developing Alzheimer’s later in life. (Source :14 Ways Reading Improves Your Mind and Body by Brendan Brown, 27 Nov 2016.)

According to research people with poor reading skills are likely to be less healthy then those who read easily. Source : Reading is good for your health, The university of stavanger, 8 October 2013.

Conclusion :

Reading improves health, wealth and important for overall well-being. Once you start reading, you experience a whole new world, you have every reason to continue reading. If you do not read often, you do not have any reason to be left behind, start reading now and make yourself better. Reading something uplifting, something peaceful, something that makes us smile has positive effects on the body and lowers stress.

Reading is good habit for students, children, young and senior citizens, and also we will never feel lonely. It is very important to develop a good reading habit. We must all read on a daily basis for at least 30 minutes to enjoy the sweet fruits of reading. Reading makes better health, and better person. All of us must strive to achieve wholesome health.

Dr. V. Anasuya

Librarian, Medical College Library

Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre

Whitefield, Bangalore – 560066

Phone : 99454 09794

anasuya.bangalore@gmail.com

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